Explain the three ways that CO2 is transported in the blood. 2. What is pulmonary edema and how does it alter gas exchange? 3. Explain how fibrotic lung diseases can cause decreased oxygen exchange between alveoli and the blood.
1. Explain the three ways that CO2 is transported in the blood.
2. What is pulmonary edema and how does it alter gas exchange?
3. Explain how fibrotic lung diseases can cause decreased oxygen exchange between alveoli and the blood.
4. Explain how emphysema can result in a loss of alveolar surface area.
5. Which will have a higher concentration of surfactant, a large alveolus or a small one? Explain why.
6. What is the function of surfactant?
7. Explain why puncturing the pleural membrane (pneumothorax) causes the lung to collapse.
8. Explain why the intrapleural pressure is always subatmospheric.
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1. Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood from the tissue to the lungs in three ways:
(i) dissolved in solution;
(ii) buffered with water as carbonic acid;
(iii) bound to proteins, particularly hemoglobin. Approximately 75% of carbon dioxide is transport in the red blood cell and 25% in the plasma.
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