Explain the step-by-step process involved in synthesizing oligohexamethylene guanidine hydroacetate using isoniazid. Be sure to outline the necessary reagents, reaction conditions, and the chemical mechanisms involved in the synthesis.

Early organic chemists used the Hofmann elimination reaction as the last step of a process known as a Hofmann degradation—a method used to identify amines. In a Hofmann degradation, an amine is methylated with excess methyl iodide in a basic solution, treated with silver oxide to convert the quaternary ammonium iodide to a quaternary ammonium hydroxide, and then heated to allow it to undergo a Hofmann elimination. Once the alkene product is identified, working backward gives the structure of the amine. Identify the amine in each of the following cases: a. 4-Methyl-2-pentene is obtained from the Hofmann degradation of a primary amine. b. 3-Methyl-1-butene is obtained from the Hofmann degradation of a primary amine. c. 2-Methyl-1-3-butadiene is obtained from two successive Hofmann degradations of a secondary amine.

What are the safety hazards of these chemicals  Acetic anhydride (108-24-7) Formic acid (64-18-60) Benzotriazole (95-14-7) N-Formylbenzotriazole (72773-04-7)

Provide the reagents necessary to complete the following reactions.

Synthesize ethylbenzoate using benzoic acid and acetonitrile.

Write the product when ester of propionic acid reacts with excess of methyl magnesium bromide. Name the product when 2-methyl propionate undergoes reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Write the product when ethanoyl chloride reacts with NaBH4. Write the product when N-methylacetamide is reduced with LiAlH4/H2O. Explain the use of Wolff Kishner reduction. Explain reductive amination.

Synthesize 2-methylbutanoic acid from 2-methylbutene. Please provide all steps and reagents used.

The ethylation of benzene is an electrophilic substitution reaction.  Identify the electrophile in the reaction. Write the equation including reagents and conditions for the ethylation of benzene to produce ethylbenzene.  Hence outline the mechanism for the reaction.

Two reactions occur when sodium hydroxide is added to methyl salicylate. One is immediate and one only occurs with reflux over time. What type of reaction occurs immediately and with which functional group on methyl salicylate does it react? What type of reaction occurs with reflux over time and with which functional group on methyl salicylate does it react?

18-48 4-Aminobenzoic acid is prepared from benzoic acid by the following two steps. Show reagents and experimental conditions to bring about each step.