Explain the organization of electron carriers in mitochondrial membrane.
Q: Explain how Ca2+, NOS/RNS and mitochondrial membrane transfer problems are inter-related and how/why…
A: Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are the antimicrobial molecules derived from nitric oxide (•NO) and…
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A: Bax and Bak are Bcl 2 associated proteins which are heterodimeric in nature .
Q: Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes…
A: The structure is called a lipid bi-layer because it is composed of two layers of fat cells organized…
Q: Oxidative phosphorylation generates ATP using the reducing power of [ Select ] ["NADH, FADH2",…
A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of…
Q: Would an increase in the concentration of oxygen affect the inhibitioncaused by cyanide? How would…
A:
Q: It has taken considerable amounts of re search to establish the number of protons pumped across the…
A: In plants, the electron transport chain(ETC) tends to occurs in the thylakoid of the chloroplasts,…
Q: ajority of ATP production in aerobic cellular respiration occurs within the mitochondria during…
A: Mitochondria is the main organically for aerobic respiration. Cellular respiration is divided into…
Q: The fatty acid side chains of the phospholipids in the inner mitochondrial membrane exhibit a large…
A: Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first question as…
Q: What would be the effect on ATP production of decreasing the pH inside the mitochondrial matrix?…
A: The mitochondria is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most of the eukaryotic organisms.…
Q: Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes…
A: Please report to the second half of the question which is the electron flow during photosynthesis…
Q: Briefly describe the structure of ETCs and their role in ATP formation. How do mitochondrial chains…
A: The electron transport chain is located at the inner mitochondrial membrane which is impermeable to…
Q: Draw a simple word diagram showing the path of electrons through the electron-transport chain.b) On…
A: Electron transport chain is responsible for the oxidation of NADH and FADH2. These high energy…
Q: In the process of electron and H transport in the mitochondrial inner membrane, which of the…
A: Mitochondria are the membrane-bound organelles that produce the energy required to power the various…
Q: Draw a simple sketch illustrating an inner mitochondrial membrane that is actively involved in…
A: The mitochondria are one of the cellular organelles, which has a double bilipid membrane and the…
Q: Would you mind explaining the Electron Transport System how you understand it?
A: The electron transport chain (ETC; respiratory chain) is a protein complex that couples electron…
Q: A principle of biology is that structure determines function.Explain how the invaginations of the…
A: The mitochondria are one of the important cell organelles presents in the eukaryotic cell. The…
Q: Pioglitazone, a drug used to treat diabetes, causes some membrane-embedded portions of mitochondrial…
A: Complex I is the largest multi-subunit complex of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain (MRC), that causes…
Q: A toxin that inhibits the establishment of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial…
A: Introduction: The correct choice is option four (ATP synthase would be unable to produce ATP).
Q: Make a rough drawing of the four complexes in the Electron Transport Chain. Label each side of the…
A: The electron transport chain is the process by which the reducing equivalents are oxidized. The…
Q: It has taken considerable amounts of research to establish the number of protons pumped across the…
A: A series of sequential electron-transporting steps is important for the generation of energy…
Q: Which of the following statements is most correct? The electron transport chain - A: generates a…
A: Electron transport chain is a group of proteins Which transfer electrons through the mitochondrial…
Q: Where is ATP produced by oxidative phosphorylation? (where is it located immediately after the…
A: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)It is the source of energy for use in cellular level. Energy also stored…
Q: Figure 7.11 Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an "uncoupler" that makes the inner mitochondrial membrane
A: DNP, or dinitrophenol, is an uncoupler. DNP allows for the separation of the flow of electrons and…
Q: To examine: Whether the statement, "The three respiratory enzyme complexes in the mitochondrial…
A: The inner mitochondrial membrane contains three respiratory enzyme complexes that electrons pass…
Q: Could the inner mitochondrial membrane carry out its functions in the coupling of electron transport…
A: Mitochondria is a cellular organelle. It is a membrane bound organelle which performs cellular…
Q: Explain how the transfer of electrons from one electron transport chain complex to the next,…
A: According to the guidelines of Bartleby,"Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide…
Q: Explain the role of electron carriers in the biological system. What are the two main electron…
A: The process by which living organisms generate energy through the breakdown of organic molecules is…
Q: Electron transfer translocates protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the external medium,…
A: The objective of the question is to understand the proton concentration in the mitochondrial matrix…
Q: The function of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in eukaryotic cells is to produce a proton…
A: In the electron transport chain (ETC), the electrons pass through four enzyme complexes, that…
Q: Energy-consuming active transport is used to move protons in all of the following directions except:…
A: Active transport: It occurs against the concentration gradient and is mediated by a carrier protein.…
Q: Determine whether each of the concentrations causes an increase or decrease in the activity of the…
A: The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) is a series of protein and non-protein complexes in and around…
Q: The maintenance of a proton motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane is crucial for…
A: Uncoupling protein is a Proton channel located on the inner mitochondrial membrane. It dissipates…
Q: Explain why an intact, impermeable mitochondrial membrane is essential forATP synthesis.
A: Oxidative phosphorylation is considered as a process, in which ATP is synthesized, which is utilized…
Q: End of Chapter Problem 86a How much ATP is generated per mole of glucose when the…
A: As per the guidelines of Bartleby, "Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the…
Q: Describe some similarities between the electron transportchains in chloroplasts and in mitochondria.
A: A biological cell is a hub of biochemical and metabolic activities. Numerous such activities run…
Q: Thermogenin in the inner membrane of brown fat cell mitochondria does all of the following except…
A: Brown fat represents the brown adipose tissues that are specifically abundant in infants.
Q: When the antibiotic X is added to actively respiring mitochondria, several things happen: the yield…
A: Ion transfer across the membrane is mediated by an ionophore. Ions are shielded from the lipophilic…
Q: The four complexes of the electron transport chain use the energy of electrons stored in reducing…
A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is responsible for the oxidation of NADH and FADH2. Electrons…
Q: During aerobic respiration, high energy electrons are taken from glucose and transferred to electron…
A: Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of…
Q: Cyanide is a poisonous substance. Cyanide is a cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor that is competitive.…
A: The body's ability to convert cyanide to thiocyanate is overwhelmed in large doses. Cyanide in high…
Q: Examine Figure 11-13. Where are the electron carriers of the mitochondrial electron transport chain…
A: Mitochondria are sausage-shaped organelles that contain their extrachromosomal genetic material. It…
Q: he shuttle mechanism which transports fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix uses as the carrier…
A: Fatty acids are the long aliphatic chain having a carboxyl group in the end. The fatty acid is…
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- Match each item with the correct statement below concerning the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. You can choose a selection more than once. Question 61 options: Where do protons re-enter the mitochondrial matrix? What molecule is transported by facilitated diffusion? What are the electron donor molecules at the beginning of the chain? In what order are the components of the chain arranged? Where do electrons, protons, and oxygen meet to become water? What is the first protein complex of the chain? What moves into the intermembrane space? What accepts the electrons at the end of the chain? 1. increasing electronegativity 2. decreasing electronegativity 3. ATP 4. oxygen 5. protons 6. NADH/FADH2 7. NADH dehydrogenaseWhat thermodynamic force drives the transport of ADP and Pi into the mitochondrial matrix for ATP synthesis?The image shows the flow of electrons through electron carriers I, II, III, and IV within the mitochondrial inner membrane. The electronegativity of the protein carriers determines their capacity to attract electrons. Based on the image, which of the following best describes the electronegativity of the carriers and the synthesis and utilization of ATP during the electron-transfer process? Electron carrier I is the least electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the most electronegative. ATP is required for electron transfer between carriers. Electron carrier I is the most electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the least electronegative. ATP is not required for electron transfer between carriers. Electron carrier I is the most electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the least electronegative. ATP is utilized in a distinct reaction, not directly coupled with electron transfer. Electron carrier I is the least electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the most…
- Assume there is no cyanide poisoning. What would happen if the inner mitochondrial membrane was permeabilized to the point where it no longer served as a barrier, affecting the proton gradient and ATP synthesis?In a cell undergoing respiration, you would expect pH in the relative to that on the other side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. A) higher, B) higher, C) lower, D) the same, intermembrane space mitochondrial matrix mitochondrial matrix intermembrane spaceFill in the bold using the table. Because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to L, when there is an excess of mitochondrial L, it converts to M using a TCA condensation reaction, M crosses to the cytosol using a designated transport system. In the cytosol, M reconverts to L and oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is subsequently converted to malate with simultaneous production of N, a prerequisite cofactor for the glycolysis pathway. This reaction is then followed by conversion of N to pyruvate which produces O, a prerequisite cofactor for the fatty acid synthesis pathway. L M N O A. ATP pyruvate malate NADPH B. ATP citrate ATP NAD+ C. acetyl CoA pyruvate NAD+ NADH D. acetyl CoA citrate NAD+ NADPH E. glucose pyruvate malate NADP+
- The mitochondrial membrane potential is an indicator of cell viability. Think about mitochondrial function and decide which of these statements best describes the mitochondrial membrane potential. a.) A voltage that reflects the movement of ATP across the outer mitochondrial membrane b.) A voltage that reflects the movement of protons across the outer mitochondrial membrane c.) A voltage that reflects the movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane d.) A voltage that reflects the movement of ATP across the inner mitochondrial membraneBelow is a diagram of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Arrows indicate the direction of electron flow between the components of this chain. Identify each lettered item by filling in the blanks below the diagram.ADP and inorganic phosphate are provided for oxidative phosphorylation via an: ADP-ATP antiport and a proton-phosphate symport in the inner mitochondrial membrane. ADP-ATP antiport and a proton-phosphate symport in the outer mitochondrial membrane. O ADP-ATP antiport in the inner mitochondrial membrane and a phosphate uniport in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. ADP-phosphate symport in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- . In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics results indicate that impaired mitochondrial function contributes to some of the mentioned diseases. Which metabolites can potentially accumulate when complex I of the electron transport chain is defective? Use Fig 1 for guidance.explain how cellular respiration would be affected if the ATP synthase molecule/structure were not available.How are proteins normally transported into the mitochondrial matrix, if they were originally synthesized on ribosomes present in the cytosol (not on the rough endoplasmic reticulum)? they are packaged into vesicles with v-SNARES for fusion with their target organelles they can pass freely through large pores in the inner mitochondrial membrane they are secreted by the golgi, captured by receptors, and absorbed by endosomes they must pass through the nuclear envelope by means of nuclear pores they are unfolded in the translocation channel, then refolded by chaperones
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