Explain the neutralist versus selectionist debate. What patterns are expected from
each? What data support/reject the two sides of the debate?
Explanation:
The argument between neutralists and selectionists refers to the controversy among scientists about whether or not natural selection is the sole mechanism driving evolution, or whether or not other variables such as genetic drift and random mutations also play a part in the process. The patterns that may be predicted by each theory are distinct from one another with regard to the pace of change as well as the amount of variety that can be seen in a population over time.
The collection of evidence that lends credence to the neutralist view would demonstrate that the process of evolution occurs at a slow and consistent pace and that there is only a limited amount of diversity within a population. The data that would support the selectionist theory would show that evolution can occur in bursts, with periods of stasis in between, and that there is a greater amount of variation within a population. In contrast, the data that would support the neutral theory would show that evolution cannot occur in bursts.
As things stand, the data appears to go in the direction of supporting the selectionist view. This is due to the fact that the fossil record has multiple examples of fast development. In addition, genetic data demonstrate that there is a significant amount of variation within populations, which is assumed to be the result of natural selection acting upon the population through time.
However, it is important to point out that the discussion is still continuing, and there is a significant amount of dispute among biologists over whether the hypothesis is accurate.
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