Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04) 1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168390
Author: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
1 Essential Ideas 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Composition Of Substances And Solutions 4 Stoichiometry Of Chemical Reactions 5 Thermochemistry 6 Electronic Structure And Periodic Properties Of Elements 7 Chemical Bonding And Molecular Geometry 8 Advanced Theories Of Covalent Bonding 9 Gases 10 Liquids And Solids 11 Solutions And Colloids 12 Kinetics 13 Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts 14 Acid-base Equilibria 15 Equilibria Of Other Reaction Classes 16 Thermodynamics 17 Electrochemistry 18 Representative Metals, Metalloids, And Nonmetals 19 Transition Metals And Coordination Chemistry 20 Organic Chemistry 21 Nuclear Chemistry Chapter9: Gases
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1E: Why are sharp knives more effective than dull knives (Hint: think about the definition of pressure)? Problem 2E: Why do some small bridges have weight limits that depend on how many wheels or axles the crossing... Problem 3E: Why should you roll or belly-crawl rather than walk across a thinly-frozen pond? Problem 4E: A typical barometric pressure in Redding. California, is about 750 mm Hg. Calculate this pressure in... Problem 5E: A typical barometric pressure in Denver, Colorado, is 615 mm Hg. What is this pressure in... Problem 6E: A typical barometric pressure in Kansas City is 740 torr. What is this pressure in atmospheres, in... Problem 7E: Canadian tire pressure gauges are marked in units of kilopascals. What reading on such a gauge... Problem 8E: Dining the Viking landings on Mars, the atmospheric pressure was determined to be on the average... Problem 9E: The pressure of the atmosphere on the surface of the planet Venus is about 88.8 atm. Compare that... Problem 10E: A medical laboratory catalog describes the pressure in a cylinder of a gas as 14.82 MPa. What is the... Problem 11E: Consider this scenario and answer the following questions: On a mid-August day in the northeastern... Problem 12E: Why is it necessary to use a nonvolatile liquid in a barometer or manometer? Problem 13E: The pressure of a sample of gas is measured at sea level with a closed-end manometer. The liquid in... Problem 14E: The pressure of a sample of gas is measured with an open-end manometer, partially shown to the... Problem 15E: The pressure of a sample of gas is measured at sea level with an open-end mercury manometer.... Problem 16E: The pressure of a sample of gas ¡s measured a sea level with an open-end mercury manometer. Assuming... Problem 17E: How would the use of a volatile liquid affect the measurement of a gas using open-ended manometers... Problem 18E: Sometimes leaving a bicycle in the sun on a hot day will cause a blowout. Why? Problem 19E: Explain how the volume of the bubbles exhausted by a scuba diver (Figure 9.16) change as they rise... Problem 20E: One way to state Boyle’s law is All other things being equal, the pressure of a gas is inversely... Problem 21E: An alternate way to state Avogadro’s law is A1l other things being equal, the number of molecules in... Problem 22E: How would the graph in Figure 9.12 change if the number of moles of gas in the sample used to... Problem 23E: How would the graph in Figure 9.13 change if the number of moles of gas in the sample used to... Problem 24E: In addition to the data found in Figure 9.13, what other information do we need to find the mass of... Problem 25E: Determine the volume of 1 mol of CH4 gas at 150 K and 1 atm, using Figure 9.12. Problem 26E: Determine the pressure of the gas in the syringe shown in Figure 9.13 when its volume is 12.5 mL,... Problem 27E: A spray can is used until it is empty except for the propellant gas, which has a pressure of 1344... Problem 28E: What is the temperature of an 11.2-L sample of carbon monoxide, CO, at 744 torr if it occupies 13.3... Problem 29E: À 2.50-L volume of hydrogen measured at —196 C is warmed to 100 C. Calculate the volume of the gas... Problem 30E: A balloon inflated with three breaths of air has a volume of 1.7 L. At the same temperature and... Problem 31E: A weather balloon contains 8.80 moles of helium at a pressure of 0.992 atm and a temperature of 25 C... Problem 32E: The volume of an automobile air bag was 66.8 L when inflated at 25 C with 77.8 g of nitrogen gas.... Problem 33E: How many moles of gaseous boron trifluoride, BF3, are contained in a 4.3410-L bulb at 788.0 K if the... Problem 34E: Iodine, I2, is a solid at room temperature but sublimes (converts from a solid into a gas) when... Problem 35E: How many grams of gas are present in each of the following cases? (a) 0.100 L of CO2 at 307 torr and... Problem 36E: A high altitude balloon is filled with 1041104 L of hydrogen at a temperature of 21 C and a pressure... Problem 37E: A cylinder of medical oxygen has a volume of 3S.4 L. and contains O2 at a pressure of 1S1 atm and a... Problem 38E: A large scuba tank (Figure 9.16) with a volume of 18 L is rated for a pressure of 220 bar. The tank... Problem 39E: A 20.0-L cylinder containing 11.34 kg of butane, C4H10, was opened to the atmosphere. Calculate the... Problem 40E: While resting, the average 70-kg human male consumes 14 L of pure O2 per hour at 25 C and 100 kPa.... Problem 41E: For a given amount of gas showing ideal behavior, draw labeled graphs of: (a) the variation of P... Problem 42E: A liter of methane gas, CH4, at STP contains more atoms of hydrogen than does a liter of pure... Problem 43E: The effect of chlorofluorocarbons (such as CCl2F2) on the depletion of the ozone layer is well... Problem 44E: As 1 g of (lie radioactive element radium decays over 1 year. k produces 1.161018 alpha particles... Problem 45E: A balloon that is 100.21 L at 21 C and 0.981 atm is released and just barely clears the top of Mount... Problem 46E: If the temperature of a fixed amount of a gas is doubled at constant volume, what happens to the... Problem 47E: If the volume of a fixed amount of a gas is tripled at constant temperature, what happens to the... Problem 48E: What is the density of laughing gas, dinitrogen monoxide, N2O, at a temperature of 325 K and a... Problem 49E: Calculate the density of Freon 12, CF2Cl2, at 30.0 C and 0.954 atm. Problem 50E: Which is denser at the same temperature and pressure, dry air or air saturated with water vapor?... Problem 51E: A cylinder of O2(g) used in breathing by emphysema patients has a volume of 3.00 L at a pressure of... Problem 52E: What is the molar mass of a gas if 0.0494 g of the gas occupies a volume of 0.100 L at a temperature... Problem 53E: What is the molar mass of a gas if 0.281 g of the gas occupies a volume of 125 mL at a temperature... Problem 54E: How could you show experimentally that the molecular formula of propene is C3H6, not CH2? Problem 55E: The density of a certain gaseous fluoride of phosphorus is 3.93 g/L at STP. Calculate the molar mass... Problem 56E: Consider this question: What is the molecular formula of a compound that contains 39% C. 45% N, and... Problem 57E: A 36.0—L cylinder of a gas used for calibration of blood gas analyzers in medical laboratories... Problem 58E: A cylinder of a gas mixture used for calibration of blood gas analyzers in medical laboratories... Problem 59E: A sample of gas isolated from unrefined petroleum contains 90.0% CH4, 8.9% C2H6, and 1.1% C3H8 at a... Problem 60E: A mixture of 0.200 g of 1.00 g of and 0.820 g of Ar is stored in a closed container at STP. Find the... Problem 61E: Most mixtures of hydrogen gas with oxygen gas are explosive. However, a mixture that contains less... Problem 62E: A commercial mercury vapor analyzer can detect in air, concentrations of gaseous Hg atoms (which are... Problem 63E: A sample of carbon monoxide was collected over water at a total pressure of 756 torr and a... Problem 64E: In an experiment in a general chemistry laboratory, a student collected a sample of a gas over... Problem 65E: Joseph Priestley first prepared pure oxygen by heating mercuric oxide, HgO: 2HgO(s)2Hg(l)+O2(g) (a)... Problem 66E: Cavendish prepared hydrogen in 176G by the novel method of passing steam through a red-hot gun... Problem 67E: The chlorofluorocarbon CCl2F2 can be recycled into a different compound by reaction with hydrogen to... Problem 68E: Automobile air bags are inflated with nitrogen gas, which is formed by the decomposition of solid... Problem 69E: Lime, CaO, is produced by heating calcium carbonate, CaCO3 : carbon dioxide is the other product.... Problem 70E: Before small batteries were available, carbide lamps were used for bicycle lights. Acetylene gas.... Problem 71E: Calculate the volume of oxygen required to burn 12.00 L of ethane gas, C2H6, to produce carbon... Problem 72E: What volume of O2 at STP is required to oxidize 8.0 L of NO at SW to NO2? What volume of NO2 is... Problem 73E: Consider the following questions: (a) What is the total volume of the CO2(g) and H2O(g) at 600 C and... Problem 74E: Methanol, CH3OH, is produced industrially by the following reaction:... Problem 75E: What volume of oxygen a 423.0 K and a pressure of 127.4 kPa is produced by the decomposition of... Problem 76E: A 230-L sample of a colorless gas at STP decomposed to give 230 L of N2 and 1.25 L of O2 at STP.... Problem 77E: Ethanol, C2H5OH, is produced industrially from ethylene, C2H4, by the following sequence of... Problem 78E: One molecule of hemoglobin will combine with four molecules of oxygen. If 1.0 g of hemoglobin... Problem 79E: A sample of a compound of xenon and fluorine was confined in a bulb with a pressure of 18 tor.... Problem 80E: One method of analyzing amino acids is the van Slyke method. The characteristic amino groups (NH2)... Problem 81E: A balloon filled with helium gas is found to take 6 hours to deflate to 50% of its original volume.... Problem 82E: Explain why the numbers of molecules are not identical in the left- and tight-hand bulbs shown in... Problem 83E: Starting with the definition of rate of effusion and Graham’s finding relating rate and molar mass,... Problem 84E: Heavy water, D2O (molar mass = 20.03 g mol-1). can be separated from ordinary water, H2O (molar mass... Problem 85E: Which of the following gases diffuse more slowly than oxygen? F2,Ne,N2O,C2H2,NO,Cl2,H2S Problem 86E: During the discussion of gaseous diffusion for enriching uranium, it was claimed that 235UF6... Problem 87E: Calculate the relative rate of diffusion of 1H2 (molar mass 2.0 gmol) compared to that of 2H2 (molar... Problem 88E: A gas of unknown identity diffuses at a rate of 83.3 mL/s in a diffusion apparatus in which carbon... Problem 89E: When two cotton plugs. one moistened with ammonia and the other with hydrochloric acid, are... Problem 90E: Using the postulates of the kinetic molecular theory, explain why a gas uniformly fills a container... Problem 91E: Can the speed of a given molecule in a gas double at constant temperature? Explain your answer. Problem 92E: Describe what happens o the average kinetic energy of ideal gas molecules when the conditions are... Problem 93E: The distribution of molecular velocities in a sample of helium is shown in Figure 9.34. If the... Problem 94E: What is the ratio of the average kinetic energy of a SO2 molecule to that of an O2 molecule in a... Problem 95E: A 1-L sample of CO initially at STP is heated to 546 K. and its volume is increased to 2 L. (a) What... Problem 96E: The root mean square speed of H2, molecules at 25 C is about 1.6 km/s. What is the root mean square... Problem 97E: Answer the following questions: (a) Is the pressure of the gas in the hot air balloon shown at the... Problem 98E: Show that the ratio of the rate of diffusion of Gas 1 to the rate of diffusion of Gas 2, R1R2, is... Problem 99E: Graphs showing the behavior of several different gases follow. Which of these gases exhibit behavior... Problem 100E: Explain why the plot of PV for CO2 differs from that of an ideal gas. Problem 101E: Under which of the following sets of conditions does a real gas behave most like an ideal gas, and... Problem 102E: Describe the factors responsible for the deviation of the behavior of real gases from that of an... Problem 103E: For which of the following gases should the correction for the molecular volume be largest:... Problem 104E: A 0.245-L flask contains 0.467 mol CO2 at 159 C. Calculate the pressure: (a) using the ideal gas law... Problem 105E: Answer the following questions: (a) If XX behaved as an ideal gas, what would its graph of Z vs. P... Problem 19E: Explain how the volume of the bubbles exhausted by a scuba diver (Figure 9.16) change as they rise...
Related questions
Explain the following using the concepts of Gas Laws:
What does a scuba diver need to know about gas laws in order to enjoy diving without danger?
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Definition Definition Any of various laws that describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. At a constant temperature, the pressure of a particular amount of gas is inversely proportional with its volume (Boyle's Law) In a closed system with constant pressure, the volume of an ideal gas is in direct relation with its temperature (Charles's Law) At a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is in direct relation to its temperature (Gay-Lussac's Law) If the volume of all gases are equal and under the a similar temperature and pressure, then they contain an equal number of molecules (Avogadro's Law) The state of a particular amount of gas can be determined by its pressure, volume and temperature (Ideal Gas law)
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