Explain the factors that affect projectile movements, such as shot-put throwing or a long-jump.

between points in a plane do not change when a coordinate system is rotated In other words, the magnitude of a vector Is invariant under rotations of the coordinate system. Suppose a coordinate system S is rotated about its origin by angle to become a new coordinate system S’, as shown in the following figure. A point in a plane has coordinates (x,y)in S and coordinates (x,y) in S’. (a) Show that, during the transformation of rotation, the coordinates in S are expressed in terms of the coordinates in S by the following relations: {x=xcos+ysiny=xsin+ycos (b) Show that the distance of point Pto the origin is invariant under rotations of the coordinate system. Here, you have to show that x2+y2=x2+y2. (c) Show that the distance between points Pand Q is invariant under rotations of the coordinate system. Here, you have to show that ( xP =xQ )2+( yP yQ )2=( xP =xQ )2+( yP yQ )2 .

Given the vectors in the preceding figure, find vector Rthat solves equations (a) D+R=Fand (b) D-2D+5R=3F . Assume the +x -axis is horizontal to the right.

For vectors and , calculate (a) and its magnitude and direction angle, and (b) and its magnitude and direction angle.