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please refer to the image and answer the question below:
Explain briefly how smokestack scrubbers help control industrial air pollution.
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- Imagine a firm’s marginal abatement cost function with existing technologies is: MAC = 100 – 2E. If the firm adopts new pollution abatement technologies, its marginal abatement cost function will be: MAC = 50 – E. If the government raises the tax on emissions from $4 to $12, the benefits of adopting the new technologies increase by $____A river is being used by both a chemical factory for waste disposal and a salmon fishery for fish reproduction. Waste emissions from the factory detrimentally affect fish reproduction at the downstream salmon fishery. The chemical factory's emission levels are currently unregulated. The marginal damage caused to the salmon fishery is given by MD=4e, where e is the level of emissions discharged into the river per month by the chemical factory. To reduce its emissions, the chemical factory would face marginal abatement costs of MAC=800-16e. Suppose that instead of a constant tax of $T per unit of emissions, the government enacts a two- rate tax system, where the higher rate (call it TH) is designed to achieve the efficient level of emissions, and the lower rate (call it T1) is designed to collect just enough tax revenues to cover the damages from remaining emissions. 23. At what amount per unit should the government set for the higher rate? $ 24. At what amount per unit should the…Graphically analyze the effect that a revenue neutral carbon tax has on the consumption of carbon intensive goods.
- Please paraphrase this paragraph: The 1987 Philippine Constitution and the Public Land Act limit the sale or transfer of public lands to agricultural lands only. This policy is in place to protect the agricultural resources of the country, which are essential for food security and sustainable development. Agriculture is a big part of the country's economy and gives millions of Filipinos a way to make a living. Forests, mineral lands, and national park lands are all essential natural resources that must be sustainably managed and conserved for the benefit of future generations. The fact that only agricultural lands are alienable and disposable shows how vital agriculture is to the country's economy and food security.Is it possible to also get the graph for this problem?Using examples to differentiate between positive consumption externalities and negative production externalities. Answer text Rich text editor
- Question: Define externalities. Discuss how the presence of externalities might affect the allocation of resources by a purely competitive industry.Example: Question 4a.) Arthur’s demand to reduce electric and magnetic fields (EMFs) is P = 20 – 2 Q, whileRonald’s demand is P = 15 – 3 Q. If the marginal cost of reducing emissions is equal to$15 and is constant, what is the optimal amount of EMF reduction? b.) What Lindahl prices would you charge Arthur and Ronald? What might prevent you fromcollecting these prices?c.) How would your answers change if the marginal cost of reducing emissions was equal to$10 and is constant?d.) What are the consumer surpluses of Arthur and Ronald in c.)?Please help with the calculations & working :) In this question there is a diagram with ‘y’ being the vertical axis representing costs/damages, and ‘P’ being a horizontal axis representing pollution. Abatement is the opposite of pollution, so if pollution falls from, say, 3 to 1 abatement rises by 2. 1. Suppose the marginal damage curve to private firms is MDP: y=0 and the marginal cost of abatement is MCA: y=1-P if P<1 and y=0 otherwise, where y is the vertical axis on a cost/damage scale, and P is the amount of pollution. Plot these curves and the equilibrium amount of pollution which is privately optimal for the firm. 2. Why is the marginal cost of abatement is downward sloping (with increasing pollution measured on the bottom axis as you go right). Give an example where this is a reasonable assumption 3. Suppose the marginal damage to society is MDS: y=P. Calculate the socially optimal amount of pollution. What ethical system does the ‘optimal amount of pollution’ belong? To…
- Imagine a firm's marginal abatement cost function with existing technologies is: MAC = 30 – 2E. If the firm adopts new pollution abatement technologies, its marginal abatement cost function will be: MAC = 15 – E. With a tax on emissions of $6, the benefits of adopting the new technologies are $_ Answer:b) Provide information about how coastal fishing are obtained (ie: mined, refined, cut, etc)|Consider a lake found in the town of Center Barnstead, and then answer the questions that follow. The town has a campground whose visitors use the lake for recreation. The town also has a fish cannery that dumps industrial waste into the lake. This pollutes the lake and makes it a less desirable vacation destination. That is, the fish cannery's waste decreases the campground's economic profit. Suppose that the fish cannery could use a different production method that involves recycling water. This would reduce the pollution in the lake to levels safe for recreation, and the campground would no longer be affected. If the fish cannery uses the recycling method, then the fish cannery's economic profit is $1,500 per week, and the campground's economic profit is $1,800 per week. If the fish cannery does not use the recycling method, then the fish cannery's economic profit is $2,000 per week, and the campground's economic profit is $1,000 per week. These figures are summarized…