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TH1: A 39% maximum efficient coal-fired power plant needs to produce 600 MW of power. A. To achieve maximum efficiency, if the waste water is dumped into a 13 C lake, what temperature must the steam be heated to? B. Since coal contains 27 kJ of energy per gram, how many kg of coal must be burned in a day?
2. As an example of microscopic thermodynamic analysis based on thermal-energy microstates, the figure to the right illustrates two systems (A and B), each containing two indistinguishable particles and possible energy levels from 1 to 8, with a particle residing in a given energy level having the same amount of energy as the level (e.g., a particle in energy-level 4 has 4 units of energy). The combined systems have a fixed total of 12 units of energy. Assuming that energy can be exchanged between the two systems, calculate the difference in entropy between condition #1 where the left-hand side has 8 units of energy and the right-hand side has 4 units of energy compared to condition #2 when the two sides reach their equilibrium condition. Note that the figure just shows one example of a configuration for condition #1. A 8 8 7 7 6 4 4 2 2 1 1
Use energy transfers and conservation (energy interaction model
How much energy does Hannah the Standard Poodle absorb from the sun during a 37-minute walk? Hannah’s fur is matte black, so she absorbs nearly all of the sunlight that hits her; from above, she looks approximately like a rectangle that is 92 cm long and 32 cm wide. The solar intensity in Hannah’s Orange County neighborhood is 1200 W/m2.
2. As an example of microscopic thermodynamic analysis based on thermal-energy microstates, the figure to the right illustrates two systems (A and B), each containing two indistinguishable particles and possible energy levels from 1 to 8, with a particle residing in a given energy level having the same amount of energy as the level (e.g., a particle in energy-level 4 has 4 units of energy). The combined systems have a fixed total of 12 units of energy. Assuming that energy can be exchanged between the two systems, calculate the difference in entropy between condition #1 where the left-hand side has 8 units of energy and the right-hand side has 4 units of energy compared to condition #2 when the two sides reach their equilibrium condition. Note that the figure just shows one example of a configuration for condition #1. 8. 8 7 7 5 4 4 3 2 2 1 1
A 0.0545 kg chunk of an unknown metal that has been in boiling water for several minutes is quickly dropped into an insulating Styrofoam beaker that contains 0.462 kg of water at room temperature (20.0° C). After waiting for a few minutes, you observe that the water's temperature has reached a constant value of 22.0° C. Part A Assuming that the Styrofoam absorbs a negligibly small amount of heat and that no heat was lost to the surroundings, what is the specific heat of the metal? Express your answer in joules per kilogram-kelvin to three significant figures. ΑΣφ J/(kg · K) C = Submit Request Answer Part B Use the table below to identify the metal. Specific heat (c) Material J/(kg K) cal/(g K) Solids Lead 0.13 x 103 0.031 Mercury 0.14 × 103 0.033 Silver 0.23 × 103 0.056 Copper 0.39 × 10³ 0.093 Iron 0.47 x 103 0.112 Marble (CACO3) 0.88 × 10³ 0.21 Salt 0.88 × 103 0.21 Aluminum 0.91 × 103 0.217 Beryllium 1 97 x 103 0.471
Which of the following is a TRUE statement, according to the second law of thermodynamics? A. There is no heat flow between objects in contact at equilibrium temperature. B. Heat flows spontaneously if there is a temperature difference. C. Heat flows spontaneously from the cold side to the hot side. D. Heat flows spontaneously from the hot side to the cold side. E. A pump is needed for the heat to flow from hot side to the cold side.
1. Which of the following statement is NOT true about Law of thermodynamics? a. Heat flows from an object with low temperature to an object with higher temperature b. An object with higher temperature will gain energies from an object with lower temperature when they are in direct contact. c. An object with lower temperature will lose its energies when in direct contact with an object with a higher temperature. d. Thermal equilibrium of two objects with different temperature will attain at some point.
4) A ground source heat pump heats a building by extracting heat from the ground and pumping it into the building. Define: Qc = heat extracted from the ground, Qn= heat pumped into the building, W = electric energy used by the heat pump, Tc= temperature of the ground, T = temperature of building (Qc, Qn, and W are positive by definition). Assume Tr > Tc. a) Draw a diagram showing energy flow in and out of the heat pump. b) Write a general expression for the change AS in the entropy of the "universe", that is the heat pump plus the cold and hot reservoirs, in terms of the quantities defined above. Now assume ideal (reversible) operation, and take Te= 10 °C and Tp= 20 °C. What is the coefficient of performance (ČOP) of the heat pump? By what factor would this change if we had Tc = 0 °C instead?
A certain mass, m, of water has thermal energy added to it until the water is at the boiling point. Additional thermal energy is added until the entire mass, m, has been phased changed into steam. a) The temperature of the steam will be less than that of the water at the boiling point. b) The temperature of the steam will be greater than that of the water at the boiling point. c) The temperature of the steam will be the same as that of the water at the boiling point. d) The temperature of the steam will be zero. e) The temperature of the steam will be 2256000K.
1. A person with a basal metabolic rate of 90 W has a continuous (24-hr) average power output, without any physical exertion, of 90 W. If this person consumes 2500 food calories per day and burns 500 calories per day doing additional physical activity, will they gain or lose weight?
4. The first law of thermodynamics states that a. components of a system interact. b. entropy of a closed system always increases. c. closed system always shifts toward disorder or homogeneity. d. Energy is always conserved. 5. According to the second law of thermodynamics, the heat received from a high temperature reservoir by a heat engine operating in a complete cycle a. must be completely converted to work. b. equals the entropy increase. C. converted completely into internal energy. d. cannot be completely converted to work.

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