Experimenter effects. Confounding variables Demand characteristics. Within-groups design.
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Which of the following is NOT a threat to the internal validity of an experiment?
Experimenter effects.
Confounding variables
Demand characteristics.
Within-groups design.
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- Read through this scenario and look at the data that was collected. State the null and all possible research hypotheses. Review the results below (I used SPSS) and answer the questions that follow. Scenario: A researcher wants to see if gender and / or income affects the total amount of help given to a stranger who is sitting on the side of a busy road with a sign asking for help. The independent variables are gender, income, and the interaction of gender and income. The dependent variable is total help. He wants to know if one or both factors – or the interaction of the two - affects the total amount of help offered. Because he is analyzing two independent variables (gender and income), he used a factorial ANOVA. His results show the main effect of each of the independent variables on the dependent variable (total help) and the interaction effect. The researcher is using a 95% confidence interval which means that he wants to be at least 95% sure that his independent variables…The Experiment: You are a researcher who studies children’s behavior in schools – your goal is to decrease problem behaviors (fighting, disrupting class, disrespecting the teacher, etc) so students can learn better. You think that part of the problem is that students aren’t getting enough one-on-one attention, so you set out to see if placing a teacher’s aide in each classroom makes a difference in the number of problem behaviors. You hypothesize that more adults in the classroom will lead to better behaved classrooms. You recruit a total of 20 teachers. You split the teachers into two groups of 10 teachers each. For 10 of the teachers, you place a teacher’s aide in the classroom to help the teacher. The other 10 teachers do not get a teacher’s aide during this stage of the study. For a month, you have all 20 teachers in each classroom record every time a problem behavior occurred. At the end of the month, you have the teachers report to you the tally of the number of problem behaviors…researcher notes that there seems to be a difference in the prevalence of high cholesterol among individuals who smoke and consume diets high in processed food and the prevalence of high cholesterol among individuals who do not smoke and do not consume diets high in processed foods. Use the appropriate hypothesis to test for independence of two independent variables presented here at the 5% significance level to ensure confounding has not influenced the study's results. Then interpret your response. A. The chi square value of 37.724 is higher than the chi square value of 3.84, therefore we can accept H0 at the 5% level and reject H1, which states that smoking status and the incidence of high cholesterol are not independent of one another B. The chi square value of 37.724 is higher than the chi square value of 3.84, therefore we can reject H0 at the 5% level in favor of H1, which states that smoking status and the incidence of high cholesterol are not independent of one…
- It is necessary to conduct a tukey test for musician. true false it is necessary to conduct a turkey test for song type true false It is necessary to conduct a Turkey test for the Musician X Song type interaction true falseShort answer. You are conducting a study on an effective therapy for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Your subjects are randomly assigned to one of three types of therapy: 20 sessions of CBT, 20 sessions of DBT, and 20 sessions of psychoanalysis. Participants are given the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines-Revised (DIB-R) before and after the 20 therapy sessions, to assess treatment efficacy. Based on the literature around BPD, you hypothesize that the DBT group will see the greatest improvement in DIB-R scores. 1) What measure of central tendency should you use to assess the dependent variable? And what is a potential confounding variable in this case? 2) What is your null hypothesis? What is your alternative hypothesis? 3) Is it directional or non-directional? and what statistical test would you use to assess your data? Please Answer Questions Completely Do Not Leave Questions UnsolvedYou want to compare males and females in their use of coping strategies when engaged in conflict in relationships. You send surveys to couples obtained from marriage license application at the county clerk's office. You identify several distinct coping strategies on the survey and have the respondents rate their use of each strategy on a 7-point scale. You then compare scores that come from the two members of each relationship. If testing hypotheses about the effects of gender on use of coping strategies, it would be most appropriate to calculate a ... 1) independent-samples t 2) one sample t 3) paired samples t 4) z test
- A. Write the hypothesis and null you believe the researcher is testing. B. Make a claim about this hypothesis test; noting form, degree, and significance in yourclaim. C. Make a claim about the overall fit of the model (significance, variance explained). D. Discuss a plausible potential control variable you would want to include and the impact that you would speculate it to have on this relationship. (For example, what type of control is your variable, how will it alter the relationship between the DV and the IV, etc.).Study 2: Pill Appearance and Perceived Pain. Does the shape or color of a pain pill influence its effectiveness? Although logically it shouldn’t, whether we believe a drug will work does have a powerful effect on our perceptions (e.g., placebo effect). In this experiment, 4 groups of adult patients were given the same amount of Advil after dental surgery for pain relief, but the color and shape of the pill varied. Researchers hypothesized that an unusual shape or color would lead people to believe the pills were new and special and thus would expect them to be more effective than common round, white pills. Researchers also wanted to know if there is an interaction between shape and color Data Labels ShapePill {1=Round; 2=Diamond} ColorPill {1=White; 2=BlueGreen} Gender {0=Woman; 1=Man; 2=Nonbinary person) Descriptions of the Variables and Descriptive Statistics: Referring to the JASP output, and using sentences, present the descriptive statistics of each group: for example:…A survey asked students for their college and their satisfaction with their program. The results are provided in the tables below. Determine if there is a relationship between college and satisfaction at the 0.05 level of significance. Satisfied Not Satisfied Arts and Sciences 5 2 Education 6 1 Technology 14 12 Business 18 12 Health Profession 10 4 Social and Behavioral Sciences 8 12 H0: College and Satisfaction are independent. H1 : College and Satisfaction are dependent. Determine the p-value. What is the correct decision for this test? What is your conclusion, in context? Explain your reasoning.
- If gender is the independent variable of a quasi-experiment, this experiment must have a between-subject design. Group of answer choices True Falsecp6 probabilWhen two independent variables produce effects when combined that would not be present if each independent variables was manipulated in a separate study, we say that there is O no main effect. O only a measured variable an interaction. O a planned comparison. rist and Stangor (2001) studied prejudice and found that you can't predict a person's behavior toward minorities on the basis of whether they are high or low
