Check answers LAB EXERCISE:Before we begin the worksheet, let's do some safety for our (hypothetical) compounds thatare being "used".Thermochemistry/CalorimetryHazardous ChemicalPotassium HydroxideSodium HydroxideHydrochloric AcidHydrobromic AcidFlammable(Flash Point)Experiment 7ToxicXCorrosiveXXX XXOxidizingEyeDetails of Hazardand skin irritationand skin irritationEyeEye and skinEye and skinEyeand skin irritationand skin irritationHeat is a form of energy, often called "thermal energy," that spontaneously passes from an objectat a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature. Heat flow can be measured in adevice called a "calorimeter" for many physical and chemical systems: a simple calorimeter ismerely a container that has insulating walls so that as little heat as possible is exchanged betweenthe contents of the calorimeter and the environment surrounding it - a styrofoam cup is a goodhomemade simple calorimeter, for example. This lab is designed to allow the student to observethe heat effects of various acid-base reactions, to determine the change in enthalpy of an acid-base system, and to provide an understanding of the effects of limiting reagents in a chemicalreaction.Chemical reactions that give off heat (are "exothermic") or absorb heat (are "endothermic") willbe allowed to take place inside these simple calorimeters. The use of the styrofoam cup as aninsulator allows for the assumption that no heat is transferred to or gained from thesurroundings, so all heat involved in a reaction inside these calorimeters will be found within thecontents of the calorimeters themselves.The way that we determine the enthalpy of a reaction is by the difference in the energy lost whenthe new bonds of the products are formed from the energy absorbed to break the bonds of thereactants. It looks something like this:AH reaction = AHproducts-AHreactants(Eq 1) girlsxample #1) 25mL of 1.0M HCl is mixed with 40mL of 0.80M NaOHHCI + NaOH → H₂O + NaClFirst, let's calculate the literature enthalpy of reaction from the values in the table above:SubstanceH₂OHC1NaOHNaClAHreaction=AHproducts-AHreactantsAHreaction (AHH20+ AHNaCI) - (AHHCI + AHNaOH)=AHreaction = (-286 kJ/mol + -407 kJ/mol) - (-164 kJ/mol + -469 kJ/mol)AH reaction = -60 kJ/molLet's calculate the limiting reagent to determine how many mols of water will be formed:Volume of reactant ÷ 1000 x Molarity of reactant x mole-to-mole ratio to waterHere's the first reactant: 25mL of 1.0M HCI25mL of HCI x14X1000 mLLet's do this for the second reactant, 40mL of 0.80M NaOH40mL of NaOH x1.0 mol HCl 1 mol H20X1 mol HClH1 L1000 mLX0.80 mol NaOH1LAHf in kJ/mol-286-164-469-407= 0.025 mol H₂O1 mol H20X-1 mol NaOH= 0.032 mol H₂OThe limiting reagent is the compound that produced the fewest number of moles. In this case,the 25mL of 1.0M HCI only produced 0.025 mol H₂O, so that is the limiting reagent.Next, multiply the limiting reagent (the moles) by the AH reaction calculated above0.025 mol H₂O x -60 kJ/mol = -1.5 kJAnd that's your answer! The reaction should release -1.5 kJ of energy.

Given→ Volume of HCl = 25 ml Molarity of HCl =1.0 M Volume of NaOH = 40…

Example #1) 25mL of 1.0M HCl is mixed with 40mL of 0.80M NaOH HCI + NaOH → H₂O + NaCl First, let's calculate the literature enthalpy of reaction from the values in the table above: AHf in kJ/mol -286 -164 -469 -407 Substance H₂O HC1 NaOH NaCl

Example #1) 25mL of 1.0M HCl is mixed with 40mL of 0.80M NaOH HCI + NaOH → H₂O + NaCl First, let's calculate the literature enthalpy of reaction from the values in the table above: AHf in kJ/mol -286 -164 -469 -407 Substance H₂O HC1 NaOH NaCl

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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