Please answer with an explanation thank you!! Examine the image that shows an inactive signaling pathway. When the signalingmolecule binds to the G protein-coupled receptor, which of the following will betriggered?Signaling moleculeG protein-coupled PlasmareceptormembraneCYTOPLASMG protein(inactive)EnzymeThe receptor will remain in an inactive state. But the G protein will becomeactivated, binding to and activating the enzyme which will cause a cellularresponse.The receptor will be activated. Without contacting the receptor, the G proteinwill activate and bind to the inactive enzyme, making it active. This results in acellular response.The receptor will be activated. The G protein will bind to the receptor,becoming activated by binding of GTP. The activated G protein will bind to andactivate the inactive enzyme, triggering a cellular response.The receptor will be activated and will directly bind to and activate the enzyme,resulting in a cellular response.

Answered: Examine the image that shows an…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Please answer with an explanation thank you!!

Examine the image that shows an inactive signaling pathway. When the signaling
molecule binds to the G protein-coupled receptor, which of the following will be
triggered?
Signaling molecule
G protein-coupled Plasma
receptor
membrane
CYTOPLASM
G protein
(inactive)
Enzyme
The receptor will remain in an inactive state. But the G protein will become
activated, binding to and activating the enzyme which will cause a cellular
response.
The receptor will be activated. Without contacting the receptor, the G protein
will activate and bind to the inactive enzyme, making it active. This results in a
cellular response.
The receptor will be activated. The G protein will bind to the receptor,
becoming activated by binding of GTP. The activated G protein will bind to and
activate the inactive enzyme, triggering a cellular response.
The receptor will be activated and will directly bind to and activate the enzyme,
resulting in a cellular response.

Expert Solution

Step 1

Signaling molecules and receptors mediate the signaling process in a cell. The cell surface receptors are classified into G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), ion channel linked receptors, and enzyme-linked receptors. GPCR is a seven-transmembrane receptor.

Step 2

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins or G proteins are part of GPCR. G proteins are classified into small G protein and heterotrimeric G protein complexes. The heterotrimeric G protein consists of three subunits - α, β, and γ subunit.

When a signaling molecule binds to GPCR, the receptor gets activated by the induced conformational changes. The activated receptor function as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GEF helps in the exchange of GDP with GTP in the α subunit of intracellular G protein. The activated α-GTP subunit gets separated from the β-γ subunit complex. Both α-GTP and β-γ subunit complex activate signal transduction cascades, including enzymes and various other molecules in the cytosol. This cascade of signals will finally end up in a cellular response.

Therefore, option (3) is correct

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