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Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN:9780133923605
Author:Robert L. Boylestad
Publisher:Robert L. Boylestad
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
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**Transcription for Educational Website**

### Mathematical Expressions

1. The mathematical expression for current, \( I(x) \), is given by:
   \[
   I(x) = -\frac{1}{Z} \frac{dV}{dx} = -\frac{1}{j \omega L} \left[ A \beta \cos \beta x - B \beta \sin \beta x \right]
   \]

2. Parameters defined:
   - \(\beta = \omega \sqrt{LC}\)

3. Derived expression:
   \[
   I(x) = \frac{j}{Z_0} \left( A \cos \beta x - B \sin \beta x \right)
   \]

### Diagram Explanation

- The diagram at the bottom illustrates an electrical transmission line.
- The left side is labeled \( \text{ex} \) indicating an example or exercise.
- An input voltage \( V_s \) is applied at \( x = -l \).
- The line extends to the right where \( x = 0 \).
- The line is depicted as a two-wire transmission line, suggesting analysis over its length.

### Symbols and Variables

- \( j \): Imaginary unit (used in electrical engineering for complex numbers).
- \( Z \): Impedance.
- \( V \): Voltage.
- \( L \): Inductance per unit length.
- \( C \): Capacitance per unit length.
- \( \omega \): Angular frequency.
- \( A, B \): Constants related to boundary conditions.

This content helps explain the derivation and behavior of current in a transmission line, showing how it depends on various electrical properties and conditions.
Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription for Educational Website** ### Mathematical Expressions 1. The mathematical expression for current, \( I(x) \), is given by: \[ I(x) = -\frac{1}{Z} \frac{dV}{dx} = -\frac{1}{j \omega L} \left[ A \beta \cos \beta x - B \beta \sin \beta x \right] \] 2. Parameters defined: - \(\beta = \omega \sqrt{LC}\) 3. Derived expression: \[ I(x) = \frac{j}{Z_0} \left( A \cos \beta x - B \sin \beta x \right) \] ### Diagram Explanation - The diagram at the bottom illustrates an electrical transmission line. - The left side is labeled \( \text{ex} \) indicating an example or exercise. - An input voltage \( V_s \) is applied at \( x = -l \). - The line extends to the right where \( x = 0 \). - The line is depicted as a two-wire transmission line, suggesting analysis over its length. ### Symbols and Variables - \( j \): Imaginary unit (used in electrical engineering for complex numbers). - \( Z \): Impedance. - \( V \): Voltage. - \( L \): Inductance per unit length. - \( C \): Capacitance per unit length. - \( \omega \): Angular frequency. - \( A, B \): Constants related to boundary conditions. This content helps explain the derivation and behavior of current in a transmission line, showing how it depends on various electrical properties and conditions.
The handwritten notes on the page appear to be related to electrical engineering or physics, specifically dealing with wave functions or transmission lines. The transcription of the notes is as follows:

---

If

\( V(0) = 0 \implies B = 0 \)

\( V(x) = A \sin \beta x \)

\( V(-L) = V_s = -A \sin \beta L \implies A = \frac{-V_s}{\sin \beta L} \)

Prove

\( I(x) = \frac{-j V_s \cos \beta x}{Z_0 \sin \beta L} \)

--- 

There are no graphs or diagrams to describe. The text involves mathematical expressions using trigonometric functions, which are likely related to the analysis of voltage and current in transmission systems or signals characterized by sine waves.
Transcribed Image Text:The handwritten notes on the page appear to be related to electrical engineering or physics, specifically dealing with wave functions or transmission lines. The transcription of the notes is as follows: --- If \( V(0) = 0 \implies B = 0 \) \( V(x) = A \sin \beta x \) \( V(-L) = V_s = -A \sin \beta L \implies A = \frac{-V_s}{\sin \beta L} \) Prove \( I(x) = \frac{-j V_s \cos \beta x}{Z_0 \sin \beta L} \) --- There are no graphs or diagrams to describe. The text involves mathematical expressions using trigonometric functions, which are likely related to the analysis of voltage and current in transmission systems or signals characterized by sine waves.
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