Even when the head is held erect, as in the figure below, its center of mass is not directly over the principal point of support (the atlanto-occipital joint). The muscles in the back of the neck must therefore exert a force to keep it erect. That is why your head falls forward when you fall asleep in class. If the perpendicular distance between the line of action for the weight of the head and the pivot point is rW⊥ = 2.0 cmand the perpendicular distance between the line of action for the force the muscles exert on the head and the pivot point is rM⊥ = 4.6 cm, determine each of the following. (Assume the weight of the head is 50 N.) (a) the force exerted by these muscles (b) the force on the point of support

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Torque

Torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force in physics and mechanics. Based on the course of study, it is also known as the moment of force, rotational force, or turning effect.