estate the scientific question and hypothesis in own words, summarize the evidence to support the hypothesis, link back to the scientific question and hypothesis, sum it up.
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On page three, paragraph one reads, "As the prefix, poly means many and atomic is related to atoms. An ion with more than one atom is a polyatomic ion. This differentiates polyatomic ions from monoatomic ions, which contain only one atom." A polyatomic ion is a group of covalently bonded atoms, with the total number of protons not equal to the total number of electrons. Atoms become ions when they gain or lose electrons, resulting in a net charge. On page one paragraph two it says. "The Octet rule describes the tendency of atoms to prefer valence shells with eight electrons. Atoms react and tend to create more stable compounds since they have fewer electrons. When discussing the octet rule, d or f electrons are not considered." According to the octet rule, atoms typically have eight electrons in their valence shell. Elements in the S block and P-block follow the Octet rule. On page two, paragraph one, "To draw a Lewis Structure, start with the atomic symbol in the middle, then put dots around the symbol until all of the valence electrons are represented." The Lewis dot structure is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom. On page one, paragraph three states, " One of the three types of bonds is an ionic bond which is a bond between a metal atom and a nonmetal atom." Metals generally lose electrons from their outer shell. Nonmetals gain electrons to fulfill a stable octet.
The research and experimentation conducted in this lab help answer the scientific question, “Why are compounds composed of integer ratios of elements?” A supplied text and the ionic bonding and the ion model simulation were used to collect data to answer the scientific question. The virtual ionic bonding lab also helped to gather information about the ionic compound and also provides an application of them in day-to-day life. Furthermore, the information gathered within this lab aids in figuring out if the hypothesis was accurate, “If an atom ionizes to become a positive cation, then it will interact and bond with a negative anion to form an ionic bond.” The respective cations and anions for a specific ionic compound are identified with the help of the name of that compound as the first word of its name is always a cation and the word that ends the suffix '-ide' is an anion. The number of electrons gained or lost, the most common uses of some ionic compounds, and their respective cations and anions. Also, the ratio between the two atoms of a compound is found.
The virtual labs help to collect information about the uses of chemical compounds and identify their names. For example, the virtual lab tells that sodium chloride (NaCl) is formed by the bond between Na+ cation and Cl- anion. The common use is that it is used as a table salt. From this information, it can be concluded that sodium has lost its one electron, and chlorine has gained that electron to form an ionic bond between them. Similarly, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is formed by Na+ and OH- ion and the common application are that it is used in the formation of soap. The data provided by a virtual lab can be used to cross-check the given information for any compound and they can be used to test the hypothesis.
A neutral atom loses or gains electrons to form a cation or anion as it wants to attain a stable noble gas configuration. Due to the behavior of cations to lose one or more electrons and that of anions to gain one or more electrons, the transfer of electrons takes place from the metal atom to the nonmetal atom to form an ionic bond. For example, in table 1, Ionization is the conversion of a neutral atom or molecule to charged ions through the gaining or loss of electrons. A neutral atom loses an electron to become a positive cation and gains an electron to become a negative anion. For example, in table 1, Na loses an electron to form Na+, the positive cation. This electron is transferred to OH and OH- anion is formed. The attraction between positive and negatively charged ions forms the ionic bond. As listed in table 2, Mg (OH)2 is formed by combining Mg+2 ions with 2 OH- ions. Mg loses 2 electrons to form the Mg+2 cation. OH- gains 1 electron each from Mg to form 2 OH- anions. So, two hydroxide ions will combine with one atom of magnesium to form a magnesium hydroxide compound molecule. The chemical formula for magnesium hydroxide is Mg(OH)2. Thus, upon ionization, an atom becomes a positive cation, which interacts and bonds with a negative anion to form an ionic bond. The given examples clearly support the stated hypothesis,” If an atom ionizes to become a positive cation, then it will interact and bond with a negative anion to form an ionic bond.” Cations and anions combine in whole-number ratios with each other.
Restate the scientific question and hypothesis in own words, summarize the evidence to support the hypothesis, link back to the scientific question and hypothesis, sum it up.
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