Escherichia coli displays which antigens?a. capsular b. somatic c. flagellar d. all of these

Q: Identify which of the following immune responses is pivotal to the killing and elimination of…

A: The helminths are a type of parasite that has a worm-like structure. They survive by feeding on the…

Q: What is the significance of negative strand synthesis of positive a ssRNA virus?   a. Loss of…

A: Viruses can have DNA or RNA as genetic material. A positive-strand single-stranded RNA virus has the…

Q: pattern recognition receptor is cell receptor on a. cytokine b. monocyte c. epitope d. A and B

A: Pattern recognition receptor is found on the cells in our immune system.

Q: Your patient who is recovering from a first time wound infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus.…

A: Question is related to immunology Solution given below step

Q: Mycoplasmas attack the __________ of host cells.a. nucleus b. cell walls c. ribosomes d. cell…

A: Mycoplasmas bacteria lack cell wall and plasma membrane forms the outer boundary of the bacterial…

Q: 40. Which of the following is not bacteriocidal? a. rifampin b. tetracycline c. lytic bacteriophages…

A: Antibiotics can be broadly  classified  into two major groups. They are bacteriostatic and…

Q: A child falls and receives a deep cut on her leg that went through her skin and is bleeding. Which…

A: Cilia propel a liquid layer of mucus that covers the airways. The mucus layer traps pathogens…

Q: Stress can cause a latent virus to enter the lytic cycle, resulting in symptoms for the host. A.…

A: Virus is non - cellular particle which is smaller than the bacteria.  They  act as alive when enter…

Q: Why are encapsolated bacteria generally more pathogenic than un-capsolated strains. a. Because…

A: The capsule is a layer of polysaccharide found outside the cell envelope of bacteria.  Capsule gives…

Q: The capsule of the infecting microorganism which is composed of polysaccharides can also activate…

A: Introduction  The immune response is a set of mechanisms that the body uses to protect itself from…

Q: Infection with which organism could produce symptoms similar to those seen in primary amebic…

A: primary amoebic meningoencephalitis;  is an almost invariably fatal infection of the brain by the…

Q: Jim has been diagnosed with meningococcal disease. His family has been started on an antibiotic to…

A: Meningococcal disease are the infections which are caused because of bacterium Neisseria…

Q: Match the pathogen to the correct virulence factor Varicella-zoster virus Staphylococcus aureus…

A: Latent Infection : Varicella zoster virus is a pathogen which cause latent infection . Latent…

Q: 42. Which of the following is not a characteristic an exotoxin? a. It's a protein b. It's secreted…

A: There are two types of bacterial toxins: exotoxins and endotoxins.  In contrast to exotoxins, which…

Q: 6. Variations of the plaque assay can be used to determine the number of animal viruses from a…

A: There are few points about Plaque assay : When treated with the lawn of susceptible cells , a…

Q: A. vagina B. trachea and bronchi C. skin D. stomach E. mouth select A B C D E 1. villi pushing…

A: 1) vagina - low pH , antibodies and secretions  2) trachea and bronchi - villi pushing material…

Q: Direct immunofluorescent tests use a labeled antibody to identifya. an unknown microbe b. an unknown…

A: Direct immuno-fluorescence(DIF) is a technique employed in the laboratory to diagnose skin, kidney,…

Q: Bacterial capsules a. kill phagocytes b. prevent engulfment by phagocytes  c. prevent the…

A: The capsule is referred to as a pathogenicity since it increases bacteria's potential to produce…

Q: Invading bacteria are recognized by neutrophils, which engulf the bacteria and form a packet within…

A: Neutrophils comprises of around 40% to 70% of the WBC(white blood cells). These are the most…

Q: Which of these offers a nonspecific defense against viral infection? a. Antibodies b. Leukotrienes…

A: There are some living organisms that cannot be observed by the naked eye and only can be seen under…

Q: Symptoms of viral infections are caused by: (choose all that apply) A. Actions of the virus that…

A: Viruses are unicellular organisms with genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, encased in a protein…

Q: a cytokint storm is an overproduction of immune cells and their activating compounds- cytokines can…

A: Cytokine storm or hypercytokinemia is the physiological response of an animal's innate immunity…

Q: nstant antigen ndependent antigen ependent antigen

A: Antigen is a molecule which arouses an immune response usually in the form of antibodies in the…

Q: Viruses CANNOT be cultured a. In laboratory animals  b. in cell culture c. in embroynated eggs…

A: To answer the above question,  we need to keep in mind that while some viruses cannot be cultured in…

Q: The lytic replication cycle results in bacteriophage DNA integrated into the host genome. A. True…

A: A bacteriophage, also called a phage informally, is a virus that infects and replicates within…

Q: What is the clinical significance of coagulase product ion? a. Phagocytes produce coagulase to fight…

A: Coagulase is the enzyme that helps in blood coating. Coagulase is not to fight infection. First…

Q: Virus spikes are commonly associated with which of the following?   a. Non enveloped viruses b.…

A: Virus have spikes protein.

Q: Which receptor of the influenza virus is most involved in binding tothe respiratory cells?a.…

A: The influenza virus is the causative agent of infection disease known as influenza also called flu…

Q: HIV is an enveloped virus. As a result... a. it is extremely hardy and is very difficult to control…

A:

Q: Your patient who is recovering from a first time wound infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

A: Antigen is foreign material of human body. antigens may be bacteria,virus ,fungi that respsosible…

Q: Which vaccine utilizes whole Bordetella pertussis cells to initiate an immune response? a. DTaP d.…

A: Vaccines are either made up of whole cells of the pathogen or contain antigenic parts of the…

Q: Which receptors of the influenza virus are responsible for binding tothe host cell?a. hemagglutinin…

A: Influenza virus belongs to class V that contains minus single stranded segmented RNA as their…

Q: antibiotics is not bactericidal

A: Antibiotics are used as a safety measure against the attack of microorganisms. They disable the…

Q: what term best describes swabbing the skin with alcohol? a.bacteriostasis b. degerming c.…

A: Swabbing the skin with alcohol is knows as degerming - a process in which we physically remove the…

Q: Which of the following does not accurately describe complement components?   A. made by the spleen…

A: The complement system is the major effectors of the humoral branch of immune system; this is the…

Q: Which vaccine utilizes intact Bordetella pertussis cells to initiate animmune response?a. DTaP b. DT…

A: VACCINE:-Louis Pasteur culture bacteria causing Cholera and showed chickens injected with this…

Q: A(n) _____ is an inactive form of an enzyme that frequently participates in a cascade of enzymatic…

A: An enzyme is a catalytic molecule that increases the rate of a reaction without getting used up in…

Q: Which of these pairs are mismatched? a. cytosol: intracellular pathogen b. surface of…

A: Pathogens are organisms that cause disease in their specific host. The severity of the disease…

Q: Which of the following is not typically considered a defense against infection within the Gl tract?…

A: The digestive system comprises the digestive tract that is also referred to as the alimentary canal…

Q: Which of the following is a type of cytokine? a. mast cell b. lysozyme C c. chemokine O d.…

A: Cytokines are the chemicals produced by the immune cells to protect the non- infected cells.

Q: 33. A strain of Salmonella that is defective in SPI-2/T3S genes will fail to A. be taken up by the…

A: *Salmonella SPI-2/T3S genes are in charge of the type III secretion system, which allows the…

Q: 1. What causes the nasal symptoms of rhinitis? A. Bacteria B. Histamine C.…

A: 1. What causes the nasal symptoms of rhinitis? The air borne allergens such as the dust pollen etc…

Q: the antibody produced in the secondary response a. IgM b. IgA c. IgG d. IgE

A: The immune system is very complex and immune response can be divided into two groups, cell-mediated…

Q: What cells inside our bodies would be affected if you ingested a suspension of T4 phage? Describe…

A: Bacteriophage T4 possesses both "early" and "late" genes. This categorization indicates that these…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.