Q: Describe the role of vaccines in providing herd immunity.
A: Our body has developed a specialized mechanism to fight diseases and disease-causing microbes called…
Q: Compare Immunological diagnostic system with DNA diagnostic systemand specify which system is better…
A: An immunological diagnostic system looks for the presence of an antigen or antibodies for a disease…
Q: Define antigenic shift, antigenic drift, and original antigenic sin.
A: A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.…
Q: Distinguish between antigenic drift and antigenic shift ininfluenza.
A: Influenza virus is a RNA virus that contains negative sense single stranded RNA as its genetic…
Q: List characteristics of antigens that optimize their immunogenicity.
A: Antigens can be defined as the substances that are responsible for immune response in the body by…
Q: Discuss the main categories of antigens, based on function.
A: Antigens are the foreign molecule capable of inducing an immune response. One of the exclusive…
Q: Using an appropriate example, explain autoimmunity.
A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…
Q: Describe the medical guidelines for vaccination, its side eff ects, and how it relates to herd…
A: Before approval for human. Vaccine should tested on various number of people for its effect and side…
Q: Describe antigen binding to the CDR1, 2, and 3 regions of theheavy-chain and light-chain variable…
A: The immune system in the body act as a defense system. It fights against disease and infection. The…
Q: Describe the two main types of immunodeficiencydisorders and provide examples of each.
A: The antibody is the key component of the immune system of the human being. It is also known as the…
Q: What is “Good” Antigens? Describe their characteristics.
A: An antigen is defined as any substance which induces the body to mount an immunological reaction to…
Q: Use this information to answer the question. Human Immunodeficiency viruses, Types 1 and 2 (HIV 1,2)…
A: The ultimate diagnosis of HIV infection at any age requires diagnostic testing that confirms the…
Q: Name and in brief describe the process by which immunological diversity is generated ?
A: Introduction Antibodies can be induced by virtually all microorganisms. Antibodies must be diverse…
Q: Describe the medical guidelines for vaccination, its side effects,and how it relates to herd…
A: Vaccination can be defined as exposing an individual to material that is immunogenic but not…
Q: Name at least two major ways in which natural and artificial immunitiesare different.
A: Immunity refers to every mechanism of the body that helps to protect the body from harmful foreign…
Q: Explain one mechanism of antibody action against viruses.
A: 1. The viruses are internalized by the macrophages by phagocytosis. 2. Then they process the virus…
Q: Create a maximum 2-page discussion that details the history of vaccines, their advantages and…
A: An individual may be exposed to an antigen to induce immune response a type of immunity known as…
Q: How do foreignness, size, and complexity contribute to antigenicity?
A: An antigen can be defined as a foreign substance or a toxic material that stimulates an immune…
Q: Name 3 characteristics of a “good’ immunogen 2 sentences for each characteristics
A: An immunogen is a specific type of antigen that is able to elicit an immune response. Antibody…
Q: Explain a comparison of good immunogens and poor immunogens.
A: A foreign substance that invades the body and activates the immune system to release antibodies…
Q: How many antigen-binding sites does an antibody usually have? 4 1 2
A: Immune system is system which helps our body to fight against the foreign substances which will…
Q: to immunotechnology, answer the following: Give ONE main difference between: Murine MABs and fully…
A: The capability of the body to induce immune response is called immunity. The foreign particle that…
Q: Compare five unique types of antigens, and explain their functionsor actions.
A: Antigens are molecules that are unfamiliar to the immune system. They are recognized and bound by…
Q: Why is an HIV vaccine needed? Describe and explain in detail
A: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that contains a single stranded RNA as its…
Q: Describe in one sentence how a vaccine creates immunity to a virus.
A: Immunity is a biological system that is capable of recognizing tolerating what belongs to it and…
Q: Write about the Immunomodulators agents? Please answer at your own words.
A: IMMUNOMODULATORS AGENTS:- A substance that can assist the body fight cancer, infection, or other…
Q: Describe the sources and uses of artificial passive immunizationand artificial active immunization…
A: Vaccination is an important thing that helps to develop an immune system that ultimately protects…
Q: For question with blanks, choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the…
A: Antigens are foreign molecules that are not present in the human body. Antigens can induce an immune…
Q: For question with blanks, choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the…
A: Immunity is referred to as the tendency of the immune system of the body to fight against any…
Q: Draw a well-labelled diagram of an antibody molecule.
A: Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells…
Q: You want to detect troponin in an immunoblot. Give an example of a potential primary rabbit antibody…
A: Immunoblotting is a sensitive and rapid assay to detect and characterize proteins. It works by…
Q: What evidence led Emil von Behring to discover antibodies and the complement system in 1905?
A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are protein molecules produced by the body's immune…
Q: 50 words essay on how important to have adequate knowledge of biochemistry in understanding…
A: The study of biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels using chemistry is known as…
Q: Briefly define the set of terms and explain how they relate to one another: MHC, HLA, Haplotype
A: A defense system in the body of an individual which constitutes a complex network of cells and…
Q: what is an autoimmune disease?
A: Immunity is defined as capability of body to safeguard themselves from the attack of infectious…
Q: Why we use antibodies? Please answer at your own words.
A: Antibiotics are used to treat or prevent certain types of bacterial infections. It includes a range…
Q: Explain the characteristics of antigens, the property of antigenicity,and epitopes.
A: The immune system is a complex cell and protein network that protects the body from infection. The…
Q: Which study has been awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize for Medicine in Immunology? Explain this mechanism…
A: Answer: IMMUNOLOGY = It is the study of the immune system which stimulates when our body is…
Q: Describe the concept of herd immunity, and explain how vaccinationcontributes to its development in…
A: Vaccination gives long-lasting; sometimes lifetime protection in the individual, with equally…
Q: Compare and contrast antigenic variation and phase variation.
A: A microbe is a life form that causes sickness. The living body is normally brimming with…
Q: List the things that might have antigens.
A: Antigens are usually proteins or substances found on the cell surface, viruses, fungi, and bacteria.…
Q: Describe antigenic variation.
A: Antigenic variation or alteration refers to the mechanism by which an infectious agent such as a…
Q: Understand what is meant by antigenic shift and antigenic drift.
A: Antigen refers to the foreign molecule/pathogen capable of triggering the immune system. Besides, an…
Q: Name and in a brief describe the process by which immunological diversity is generated.
A: The ability of multicellular creatures to withstand dangerous germs is referred to as immunity.…
Enumerate and discuss the concept of antigenicity
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- In relation to immunotechnology, answer the following: explain the reason behind developing different forms of Monoclonal antibodies (chimeric MABs, humanized MABs, and fully human MABs)Discuss the main categories of antigens, based on function.Describe the concepts behind the main types of immunoassays,and discuss their uses in diagnosis.