Elena developed chicken pox when she was in first grade. Later in life, when her children developed chickenpox, she remained healthy even though she was exposed to countless virus particles daily. Explain why.

Q: After your immune system subdues the virus, you wake up in sweaty clothes. i) Explain generally why…

A: When a virus infects a person (host), it invades their cells to survive and multiply. Once inside,…

Q: Pick up the correct sentence 1) Immune response in old age becomes weak. 2) Thymus degenerates in…

A: Introduction: The thymus is a tiny lymphatic gland that produces and trains T-cells, specialized…

Q: The influenza virus produces a protein that degrades interferon. How does this increase its…

A: Some viruses like influenza virus escape the anti-viral activities of interferons by gene (and thus…

Q: What is the most common cause of chronic localized lymph node enlargement in young children?

A: Lymph nodes are certain locations in the lymphatic system that acts as filters that consist of the…

Q: What major chemical of life (carbohydrate, lipid, nucleic acid, or amino acid) is absorbed in the…

A: The lymphatic system constitutes a fluid known as lymph, the capillaries which carries the lymph and…

Q: Why do you think celiac disease causes several types of symptoms and potentially serious…

A: Introduction Autoimmune diseases:- It is a condition when your immune system attacks healthy cells…

Q: Justine, a 39-year-old female, has recently been diagnosed with lymphoma. She has a family history…

A: Cancer is the title given to a collection of related infections. In all sorts of cancer, a few of…

Q: 1. Mark Thompson is a 16-year-old patient who was admitted yesterday to the pediatric oncology unit…

A: Hodgkin lymphoma affects the lymphatic system. In this condition the white blood cells (lymphocytes)…

Q: Why is the spleen considered a hematologic organ? Why can humans live without it?

A: The lymphoid organs are involved in the development, maturation, activation, differentiation, and…

Q: Justine, a 39-year-old female, has recently been diagnosed with lymphoma. She has a family history…

A: Cancer is the title given to a collection of related infections. In all sorts of cancer, a few of…

Q: Eileen presents with flu-like symptoms, including fever, chills,and body aches:- a. What part of the…

A: Flu-like symptoms may be caused by a variety of illnesses, autoimmune disorders, and other…

Q: briefly describe the difference between myelogenous and lymphocytic leukemia.

A: Leukemia is a specific type of cancer that is caused due to the abnormal increases in the number of…

Q: A 2 year old girl presents with a fever and dizziness.  She has developed a characteristic rash on…

A: A viral infection is a type of infection caused by a virus. Viruses are small infectious agents that…

Q: Progression from early-stage HIV disease to AIDS can beexpected within a few months:(a) In nearly…

A: HIV is also known as the human immunodeficiency virus is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired…

Q: Mrs. Stone presents with swelling and excessive accumulation of lymph under her arm after a radical…

A: First, let's understand the condition presented. Mrs. Stone has swelling and excessive accumulation…

Q: Natural killer cells target: A) O cells that possess abundant MHC I self antigens on their surface

A: The natural killer cell is an important cell of an innate immune system. They are larger granular…

Q: Justine, a 39-year-old female, has recently been diagnosed with lymphoma. She has a family history…

A: Chemotherapy refers to the drug treatment given to patients suffering from cancer. In the body,…

Q: A pathology report from a biopsy of an enlarged supraclavicular node reads, ‘Collagen bands extend…

A: Introduction: In the body,  one of the main types of immune cells includes white blood cells…

Q: Cytomegaloviruses are a widespread and diverse group of:(a) Cytoviruses (b) Retroviruses(c)…

A: A virus is a very small submicroscopic agent that is known for causing infections in its host…

Q: Justine, a 39-year-old female, has recently been diagnosed with lymphoma. She has a family history…

A: Cancer is a condition in which the cells of the body divide uncontrollably. The cancerous tumor…

Q: Given what we know about HIV, describe the impact of this virus on humoral and cellular immunity.…

A: The retrovirus known as HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) preferentially attacks and kills CD4+ T…

Q: abbreviation

A: Along the mucosal lining in the human body there is present of mucosa-associated lyphoid…

Q: Justine, a 39-year-old female, has recently been diagnosed with lymphoma. She has a family history…

A: In hospitals, the nursing professionals will be having a well-planned protocol to provide intensive…

Q: Interferons can slow down viral replication by inhibiting protein synthesis in in body cells. a.)…

A: Interferons This refers to the natural substance that are involved in helping the body's immune…

Q: In a patient of 60 years old after the surgical removal of stomach cancer and subsequent treatment,…

A: Introduction  Cancer is a term used to describe a group of diseases characterised by abnormal cell…

Q: In 1969, a 16-year-old boy named Robert Rayford was admitted to a hospital in St. Louis, Missouri.…

A: Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an immune deficiency disorder caused by a virus named…

Q: Justine, a 39-year-old female, has recently been diagnosed with lymphoma. She has a family history…

A: Lymphoma refers to lymphatic system cancer that includes the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, lymphatic…

Q: John died the other day. He died from a tumor of the spine known as a spinal lymphoma. In actuality,…

A: Health and Wellness depends on a person's lifestyle, diet, genetic and hormonal factors as well as…

Q: you need a flu shot every year/season because (HA-haemoagglutinin; NA-neuroaminidase) A) the virus…

A: The viruses are constantly changing. So to keep yourself protected it is utmost important to get…

Q: After young Janie was diagnosed as having acute lymphocytic leukemia, her parents could not…

A: Blood is a specialized connective tissue composed of a liquid intercellular substance known as…

Q: How are chickenpox and herpes zoster related?

A: Chicken pox is the infection in which rashes develop which are quite itchy in nature, while herpes…

Q: In Europe, for several centuries, measles has been a childhood infection that rarely kills. When…

A: Europeans brought several deadly diseases to New World (United States, Chile, South Africa, New…

Q: Molly was running a high fever accompanied by a sore throat and fatigue. When she told the doctor…

A: Swollen lymph nodes and enlarged spleen are the characteristics of the disease mononucleosis. It is…

Q: Justine, a 39-year-old female, has recently been diagnosed with lymphoma. She has a family history…

A: Cancer begins in infection-fighting cells is known as Lymphoma. In this infection-fighting cells of…

Q: To date, there is no cure for HIV. Because of this, the will be present in an infected individual…

A: The term "disease" indicates "without ease or comfort." It is defined as the condition of illness in…

Q: Name two cytokines that are thought to be involved in the inflammatory response to viruses (cite…

A: We are answering first question only and not mentioning the cite source as we can answer the…

Q: Why is complement low in lupus

A: Lupus also known as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a long-term, incurable autoimmune disease…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.