Elements that appear in the same column of the periodic tableoften share similar chemical properties. In the case of the+alkaline earth metals, this is troublesome since the body treatscalcium (necessary for proper bone growth) and radium (aradioactive element) as chemically similar, storing both in+bone marrow. The radium then bombards nearby bone cellswith alpha particles, causing them to "crumble."IonizedRadium poisoning investigations often center on theidentification of radium and its isotopes in bone samples using+isotope+a mass spectrometer. Pictured is a schematic of a simplifiedmass spectrometer that shows the paths of calcium isotopes,barium (another alkaline earth metal) isotopes, and radiumAisotopes entering the chamber. The region shown is immersedin a constant magnetic field of 0.352 T pointing out of the+AV→Вplane of the schematic. Motion of the positively-chargedisotopes toward the right was initiated by a potentialdifference of 2.670 × 10³ V on the two plates shown.DetectorEFUsing the data shown in the table, calculate the path radius ofthe Cat ion.Cat path radius:mCharge++++ Using the data shown in the table, calculate the path radius ofthe Ca+ ion.Ca+ path radius:ChargeMassIsotope(х10-25|(x10-19 Ckg)Ca+0.666+1.602Ca2+0.666+3.204Ba+2.28+1.602Ba2+2.28+3.204Ra+3.75+1.602Ra²+3.75+3.204Ra3+3.75+4.806Using the same data table, match the particles to theirPath Apath label.Answer BankPath BRa+Ba?+Ra3+Path CRa2+Ca2+BatPath DPath ECаPath FPath G

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Elements that appear in the same column of the periodic table often share similar chemical properties. In the case of the alkaline earth metals, this is troublesome since the body treats calcium (necessary for proper bone growth) and radium (a radioactive element) as chemically similar, storing both in bone marrow. The radium then bombards nearby bone cells with alpha particles, causing them to "crumble." + Ionized Radium poisoning investigations often center on the identification of radium and its isotopes in bone samples using + isotope a mass spectrometer. Pictured is a schematic of a simplified + mass spectrometer that shows the paths of calcium isotopes, barium (another alkaline earth metal) isotopes, and radium isotopes entering the chamber. The region shown is immersed in a constant magnetic field of 0.352 T pointing out of the A +AV→ plane of the schematic. Motion of the positively-charged isotopes toward the right was initiated by a potential difference of 2.670 × 10³ V on the two plates shown. D Detector E F Using the data shown in the table, calculate the path radius of the Ca+ ion. Ca+ path radius: m Charge + + + + + +

Elements that appear in the same column of the periodic table often share similar chemical properties. In the case of the alkaline earth metals, this is troublesome since the body treats calcium (necessary for proper bone growth) and radium (a radioactive element) as chemically similar, storing both in bone marrow. The radium then bombards nearby bone cells with alpha particles, causing them to "crumble." + Ionized Radium poisoning investigations often center on the identification of radium and its isotopes in bone samples using + isotope a mass spectrometer. Pictured is a schematic of a simplified + mass spectrometer that shows the paths of calcium isotopes, barium (another alkaline earth metal) isotopes, and radium isotopes entering the chamber. The region shown is immersed in a constant magnetic field of 0.352 T pointing out of the A +AV→ plane of the schematic. Motion of the positively-charged isotopes toward the right was initiated by a potential difference of 2.670 × 10³ V on the two plates shown. D Detector E F Using the data shown in the table, calculate the path radius of the Ca+ ion. Ca+ path radius: m Charge + + + + + +

Inquiry into Physics

8th Edition

ISBN:9781337515863

Author:Ostdiek

Publisher:Ostdiek

Chapter10: Atomic Physics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 33Q

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(a) Show that if you assume the average nucleus is spherical with a radius r=r0A1/3, and with a mass at A u, then its density is independent at A. (b) Calculate that density in u/fm3 and kg/m3, and compare your results with those found in Example 31.1 for 56Fe.
Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. A 5000Ci 60Co source used for cancer therapy is considered too weak to be useful when its activity falls to 3500 Ci. How long after its manufacture does this happen?
The atomic weight of cadmium is 112.41, and its density is 8.65 g/cm3. Using Figure 14.3, estimate the attenuation distance of a thermal neutron beam in cadmium. (The attenuation distance is the distance traveled after which the intensity of the beam is reduced to 1/e of its initial value, where e is the base of the natural logarithms.)
Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. Unreasonable Results (a) Repeat Exercise 31.57 but include the 0.0055% natural abundance of 234U with its 2.45105y halflife. (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) What assumption is responsible? (d) Where does the 234U come from if it is not primordial?
Isotopes that emit (radiation are relatively safe outside the body and exceptionally hazardous inside. Yet those that emit (radiation are hazardous outside and inside. Explain why.
(a) Calculate the radius of 58Ni, one of the most tightly bound stable nuclei. (b) What is the ratio of the radius of 58Ni to that at 258Ha, one of the largest nuclei ever made? Note that the radius of the largest nucleus is still much smaller than ?le size of an atom.
How many kilograms of water are needed to obtain the 198.8 mol of deuterium, assuming that deuterium is 0.01500% (by number) of natural hydrogen?
Unreasonable Results The relatively scarce naturally occurring calcium isotope 48Ca has a halflife at about 21016y. (a) A small sample of this isotope is labeled as having an activity of 1.0 Ci. What is the mass of the 48Ca in the sample? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) What assumption is responsible?
(a) Write the complete reaction equation for electron capture by 15. (b) Calculate the energy released.
(a) Calculate the number of grams of deuterium in an 80.000L swimming pool, given deuterium is 0.0150% of natural hydrogen. (b) Find the energy released in joules if this deuterium is fused via the reaction 2H+2H3He+n. (c) Could the neutrons be used to create more energy? (d) Discuss the amount of this type of energy in a swimming pool as compared to that in, say, a gallon of gasoline, also taking into consideration that water is far more abundant.
Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. Unreasonable Results The manufacturer of a smoke alarm decides that the smallest current of (radiation he can detect is 1.00 (A. (a) Find the activity in curies of an (emitter that produces a 1.00 (A current of (particles. (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) What assumption is responsible?
An old campfire is uncovered during an archaeological dig. Its charcoal is found to contain less than 1.1000 the normal amount of 14C. Estimate the minimum age of the charcoal, noting that 210 = 1024.