Westphal's critique of ISIS's ideological reasoning uncovers the three rhetorical elements that are used to justify political violence. Which of Westphal's major claims illustrates how language creates or invents hierarchy? 1) "The concept of takfir allows ISIS to divide the world into camps of believers and disbelievers, portraying the disbelievers as inferior." 2) "In a first step towards solidarity, ISIS victimizes their potential followers by appealing to shared grievances." "ISIS's rhetoric produces a foundation and guideline for the application of 3) violent jihad."
Westphal's critique of ISIS's ideological reasoning uncovers the three rhetorical elements that are used to justify political violence. Which of Westphal's major claims illustrates how language creates or invents hierarchy? 1) "The concept of takfir allows ISIS to divide the world into camps of believers and disbelievers, portraying the disbelievers as inferior." 2) "In a first step towards solidarity, ISIS victimizes their potential followers by appealing to shared grievances." "ISIS's rhetoric produces a foundation and guideline for the application of 3) violent jihad."
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Transcribed Image Text:Westphal's critique of ISIS's ideological reasoning uncovers the three rhetorical
elements that are used to justify political violence.
Which of Westphal's major claims illustrates how language creates or invents
hierarchy?
1)
"The concept of takfir allows ISIS to divide the world into camps of believers
and disbelievers, portraying the disbelievers as inferior."
2) "In a first step towards solidarity, ISIS victimizes their potential followers by
appealing to shared grievances."
"ISIS's rhetoric produces a foundation and guideline for the application of
3)
violent jihad."
Expert Solution
Step 1
The answer is -
1) The concept of takfir allows ISIS to divide the world into camps of believers and disbelievers, portraying the disbelievers as inferior.
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