eb (1- (C+D)) PQ= (e+d) [K1 +(A+B)][e K1 – d (A+B)]² ' |

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ
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Theorem 9.If k is even and1,0 are odd positive integers,
then Eq. (1) has prime period two solution if the condition
th
(1– (C+D)) (3e- d) < (e+d) (A+B),
(20)
valid,
provided
(C+D)
1
and
is
e (1-(C+ D)) – d (A+B) > 0.
ai
Proof.If k is even and 1, o are odd positive integers, then
Xn = Xp-k and Xn+1 = Xn-1= Xp-g. It follows from Eq. (1)
that
bQ
P= (A+B) Q+(C+D)P –
(21)
(еР — d@)"
and
bP
Q= (A+B) P+ (C+D) Q –
(22)
(e Q- dP)
Consequently, we get
e P – dPQ = e (A+B) PQ- d (A+ B) Q +e(C+ D) P
- (C+D) dPQ– bQ,
(23)
(2
and
e Q – dPQ = e (A+B) PQ- d (A+B) P +e(C+ D) Q
-(C+D) dPQ- bP.
(24)
By subtracting (24) from (23), we get
b
is
P+Q=
(25)
[e (1- (C+ D)) – d (A+B)]'
P
where e (1- (C+ D)) – d (A+B) > 0. By adding (23)
and (24), we obtain
X
th
eb (1- (C+ D))
(e+d) [K1 + (A+B)] [e K1 – d (A+ B)]² "
PQ =
(26)
where K =
(1– (C+D)), provided (C+D) < 1.
Assume that P and Q are two positive distinct real roots
of the quadratic equation
2 - (P+ Q) t+ PQ=0.
(27)
Thus, we deduce that
(P+Q)² > 4PQ.
(28)
Substituting (25) and (26) into (28), we get the condition
(20). Thus, the proof is now completed.O
Transcribed Image Text:Theorem 9.If k is even and1,0 are odd positive integers, then Eq. (1) has prime period two solution if the condition th (1– (C+D)) (3e- d) < (e+d) (A+B), (20) valid, provided (C+D) 1 and is e (1-(C+ D)) – d (A+B) > 0. ai Proof.If k is even and 1, o are odd positive integers, then Xn = Xp-k and Xn+1 = Xn-1= Xp-g. It follows from Eq. (1) that bQ P= (A+B) Q+(C+D)P – (21) (еР — d@)" and bP Q= (A+B) P+ (C+D) Q – (22) (e Q- dP) Consequently, we get e P – dPQ = e (A+B) PQ- d (A+ B) Q +e(C+ D) P - (C+D) dPQ– bQ, (23) (2 and e Q – dPQ = e (A+B) PQ- d (A+B) P +e(C+ D) Q -(C+D) dPQ- bP. (24) By subtracting (24) from (23), we get b is P+Q= (25) [e (1- (C+ D)) – d (A+B)]' P where e (1- (C+ D)) – d (A+B) > 0. By adding (23) and (24), we obtain X th eb (1- (C+ D)) (e+d) [K1 + (A+B)] [e K1 – d (A+ B)]² " PQ = (26) where K = (1– (C+D)), provided (C+D) < 1. Assume that P and Q are two positive distinct real roots of the quadratic equation 2 - (P+ Q) t+ PQ=0. (27) Thus, we deduce that (P+Q)² > 4PQ. (28) Substituting (25) and (26) into (28), we get the condition (20). Thus, the proof is now completed.O
The objective of this article is to investigate some
qualitative behavior of the solutions of the nonlinear
difference equation
bxn-k
Xn+1 = Axn+ Bx–k+Cxn-1+ Dxn-o+
dxn-k– exŋ-
n= 0,1,2,.....
(1)
where the coefficients A, B, C, D, b, d, e E (0,0), while
k, 1 and o are positive integers. The initial conditions
X_g,..., X_1,.., X_k, ….., X_1, X are arbitrary positive real
numbers such that k <1< 0. Note that the special cases
of Eq.(1) have been studied in [1] when B=C= D=0,
and k= 0,1= 1, b is replaced by – b and in [27] when
B=C= D=0, and k= 0, b is replaced by
[33] when B = C = D = 0, 1= 0 and in [32] when
A=C= D=0, 1=0, b is replaced by – b.
b and in
%3|
Transcribed Image Text:The objective of this article is to investigate some qualitative behavior of the solutions of the nonlinear difference equation bxn-k Xn+1 = Axn+ Bx–k+Cxn-1+ Dxn-o+ dxn-k– exŋ- n= 0,1,2,..... (1) where the coefficients A, B, C, D, b, d, e E (0,0), while k, 1 and o are positive integers. The initial conditions X_g,..., X_1,.., X_k, ….., X_1, X are arbitrary positive real numbers such that k <1< 0. Note that the special cases of Eq.(1) have been studied in [1] when B=C= D=0, and k= 0,1= 1, b is replaced by – b and in [27] when B=C= D=0, and k= 0, b is replaced by [33] when B = C = D = 0, 1= 0 and in [32] when A=C= D=0, 1=0, b is replaced by – b. b and in %3|
Expert Solution
Step 1

It is given that,

P=(A+B)Q+(C+D)P-bQ(eP-dQ)Q=(A+B)P+(C+D)Q-bP(eQ-dP)

It needs to explain that how is PQ=eb2(1-(C+D))(e+d)[K2+(A+B)][eK1-d(A+B)]2 come, where K1=1-(C+D).

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