**Educational Resource: Understanding Ion Drift in Earth's Atmosphere**Earth's lower atmosphere is composed of both negative and positive ions, produced by radioactive elements in the soil and cosmic rays from space. In a specific region, the atmospheric electric field strength is 92.7 V/m, directed vertically downward. This field causes singly charged positive ions, at a density of 702 cm\(^{-3}\), to drift downward, and singly charged negative ions, at a density of 432 cm\(^{-3}\), to drift upward, as depicted in the figure.The measured conductivity of the air in that region is 3.53 × 10\(^{-14}\) (Ω-m)\(^{-1}\). We are tasked with calculating:- **(a)** the magnitude of the current density, and- **(b)** the ion drift speed, assuming it is the same for both positive and negative ions.**Diagram Explanation:**The diagram illustrates the behavior of ions in the electric field:- Positively charged ions (indicated by red circles with a '+' sign) are shown moving downward.- Negatively charged ions (indicated by red circles with a '-' sign) are moving upward.- An electric field vector \(\vec{E}\) is shown pointing downward between two trees, representing the direction of the field.**Calculation Inputs:**- **(a) Number:** *(Placeholder for the calculated current density)*- **(a) Units:** *(Placeholder for units of current density)*- **(b) Number:** *(Placeholder for the calculated ion drift speed)*- **(b) Units:** *(Placeholder for units of ion drift speed)*These calculations are essential to understanding the dynamics of ions under the influence of an electric field in the Earth's atmosphere, which can influence various atmospheric phenomena.

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Earth's lower atmosphere contains negative and positive ions that are produced by radioactive elements in the soil and cosmic rays from space. In a certain region, the atmospheric electric field strength is 92.7 V/m and the field is directed vertically down. This field causes singly charged positive ions, at a density of 702 cm3, to drift downward and singly charged negative ions, at a density of 432 cm3, to drift upward (see the figure). The measured conductivity of the air in that region is 3.53 x 1014 (0-m) 1. Calculate (a) the magnitude of the current density and (b) the ion drift speed, assumed to be the same for positive and negative ions. (a) Number Units (b) Number Units >

Earth's lower atmosphere contains negative and positive ions that are produced by radioactive elements in the soil and cosmic rays from space. In a certain region, the atmospheric electric field strength is 92.7 V/m and the field is directed vertically down. This field causes singly charged positive ions, at a density of 702 cm3, to drift downward and singly charged negative ions, at a density of 432 cm3, to drift upward (see the figure). The measured conductivity of the air in that region is 3.53 x 1014 (0-m) 1. Calculate (a) the magnitude of the current density and (b) the ion drift speed, assumed to be the same for positive and negative ions. (a) Number Units (b) Number Units >

College Physics

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305952300

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Chapter1: Units, Trigonometry. And Vectors

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CQ: Estimate the order of magnitude of the length, in meters, of each of the following; (a) a mouse, (b)...

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Electric Charges and Fields

One of the fundamental properties is the electromagnetic property. Charge cannot be destroyed by any process and this contributes formally to the law of charge conservation.

Question

**Educational Resource: Understanding Ion Drift in Earth's Atmosphere**

Earth's lower atmosphere is composed of both negative and positive ions, produced by radioactive elements in the soil and cosmic rays from space. In a specific region, the atmospheric electric field strength is 92.7 V/m, directed vertically downward. This field causes singly charged positive ions, at a density of 702 cm\(^{-3}\), to drift downward, and singly charged negative ions, at a density of 432 cm\(^{-3}\), to drift upward, as depicted in the figure.

The measured conductivity of the air in that region is 3.53 × 10\(^{-14}\) (Ω-m)\(^{-1}\). We are tasked with calculating:
- **(a)** the magnitude of the current density, and
- **(b)** the ion drift speed, assuming it is the same for both positive and negative ions.

**Diagram Explanation:**

The diagram illustrates the behavior of ions in the electric field:
- Positively charged ions (indicated by red circles with a '+' sign) are shown moving downward.
- Negatively charged ions (indicated by red circles with a '-' sign) are moving upward.
- An electric field vector \(\vec{E}\) is shown pointing downward between two trees, representing the direction of the field.

**Calculation Inputs:**
- **(a) Number:** *(Placeholder for the calculated current density)*
- **(a) Units:** *(Placeholder for units of current density)*
- **(b) Number:** *(Placeholder for the calculated ion drift speed)*
- **(b) Units:** *(Placeholder for units of ion drift speed)*

These calculations are essential to understanding the dynamics of ions under the influence of an electric field in the Earth's atmosphere, which can influence various atmospheric phenomena.

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