Homework Help is Here – Start Your Trial Now!
Science
Biology
Early Ca²+ release S LCS Ca²+ oscillator (SR load dependent) Potential causes: t-tubule loss reduced AP notch B-AR desensitization I SERCA activity RyR desensitization Inward TINCX ca Vmoscillator dv dt Vm Increasing SR load: 1B-AR activation LTCC activity † Stimulus rate fintracellular Na Repol. reserve Potential causes: K* current density Late Na' currents Ica reactivation Inward Incx Fig. 5. Flow diagram for two interacting positive-feedback mechanisms that can drive Vm and Ca2+ oscillations during EADs. The red inner cycle represents the well-established Vm oscillator, wherein an increase in dv/dt (caused by a relative increase in depolarizing currents compared to repola- rizing currents, e.g., text in orange box at Lower Right) leads to voltage- dependent reactivation of Icar which in turn causes further depolarization. The blue outer cycle represents the stochastic LCS-mediated Ca²+ oscillator mechanism for EAD initiation. Reduced early Ca²+ release and/or increased SR load increases LCS production, and the resulting increase in inward INCX tends to depolarize the membrane which then feeds onto Ica to trigger additional LCS. Green arrows indicate possible factors contributing to EAD initiation. ß-AR, beta-adrenoreceptor.

Early Ca²+ release S LCS Ca²+ oscillator (SR load dependent) Potential causes: t-tubule loss reduced AP notch B-AR desensitization I SERCA activity RyR desensitization Inward TINCX ca Vmoscillator dv dt Vm Increasing SR load: 1B-AR activation LTCC activity † Stimulus rate fintracellular Na Repol. reserve Potential causes: K* current density Late Na' currents Ica reactivation Inward Incx Fig. 5. Flow diagram for two interacting positive-feedback mechanisms that can drive Vm and Ca2+ oscillations during EADs. The red inner cycle represents the well-established Vm oscillator, wherein an increase in dv/dt (caused by a relative increase in depolarizing currents compared to repola- rizing currents, e.g., text in orange box at Lower Right) leads to voltage- dependent reactivation of Icar which in turn causes further depolarization. The blue outer cycle represents the stochastic LCS-mediated Ca²+ oscillator mechanism for EAD initiation. Reduced early Ca²+ release and/or increased SR load increases LCS production, and the resulting increase in inward INCX tends to depolarize the membrane which then feeds onto Ica to trigger additional LCS. Green arrows indicate possible factors contributing to EAD initiation. ß-AR, beta-adrenoreceptor.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
See similar textbooks
icon
Related questions
Question
Recreate this diagram into a simpler one
Early Ca²+ release A 2. A. V Potential causes: t-tubule loss uced AP notch B-AR desensitization SERCA activity RyR desensitization Ca2+ oscillator (SR load dependent) LCS Ica Vmo Inward INCX moscillator dV dt 27 三、 Increasing SR load: 1B-AR activation LTCC activity Stimulus rate fintracellular Na Repol. reserve Potential causes: K* current density Late Na' currents Ica reactivation Inward INCX Fig. 5. Flow diagram for two interacting positive-feedback mechanisms that can drive Vm and Ca2+ oscillations during EADs. The red inner cycle represents the well-established Vm oscillator, wherein an increase in dv/dt (caused by a relative increase in depolarizing currents compared to repola- rizing currents, e.g., text in orange box at Lower Right) leads to voltage- dependent reactivation of Ica, which in turn causes further depolarization. The blue outer cycle represents the stochastic LCS-mediated Ca²+ oscillator mechanism for EAD initiation. Reduced early Ca2+ release and/or increased SR load increases LCS production, and the resulting increase in inward INCX tends to depolarize the membrane which then feeds onto Ica to trigger additional LCS. Green arrows indicate possible factors contributing to EAD initiation. ß-AR, beta-adrenoreceptor. V
Transcribed Image Text:Early Ca²+ release A 2. A. V Potential causes: t-tubule loss uced AP notch B-AR desensitization SERCA activity RyR desensitization Ca2+ oscillator (SR load dependent) LCS Ica Vmo Inward INCX moscillator dV dt 27 三、 Increasing SR load: 1B-AR activation LTCC activity Stimulus rate fintracellular Na Repol. reserve Potential causes: K* current density Late Na' currents Ica reactivation Inward INCX Fig. 5. Flow diagram for two interacting positive-feedback mechanisms that can drive Vm and Ca2+ oscillations during EADs. The red inner cycle represents the well-established Vm oscillator, wherein an increase in dv/dt (caused by a relative increase in depolarizing currents compared to repola- rizing currents, e.g., text in orange box at Lower Right) leads to voltage- dependent reactivation of Ica, which in turn causes further depolarization. The blue outer cycle represents the stochastic LCS-mediated Ca²+ oscillator mechanism for EAD initiation. Reduced early Ca2+ release and/or increased SR load increases LCS production, and the resulting increase in inward INCX tends to depolarize the membrane which then feeds onto Ica to trigger additional LCS. Green arrows indicate possible factors contributing to EAD initiation. ß-AR, beta-adrenoreceptor. V
Expert Solution
steps

Step by step

Solved in 4 steps

SEE SOLUTIONCheck out a sample Q&A here
Blurred answer
Knowledge Booster
Muscle action
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
  • SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:
9780134580999
Author:
Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:
PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:
9781947172517
Author:
Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:
OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:
9781259398629
Author:
McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:
Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:
9780815344322
Author:
Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:
W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:
9781260159363
Author:
Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:
9781260231700
Author:
Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:
McGraw Hill Education
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS