E. coli cells are simultaneously infected with two strains of phage ). One strain has a mutant host range, is temperature sensitive, and produces clear plaques (genotype h st c); another strain carries the wildtype alleles (genotype h* st* c*). Progeny phages are collected from the lysed cells and are plated on bacteria. The following numbers of different progeny phages are obtained: Progeny phage genotype Number of plaques h* c* st* 321 h c st 338 h* c st 26 hc* st* 30 h* c st* 106 hc* st 110 h* c* st h c st* 6.

Q: DNA is nicked in preparation for the transfer of single-stranded DNA via conjugation when DNA from…

A: The process of recombination in bacteria and the crossing over in diploid cells are similar process.…

Q: What is the horizontal gene transfer? Briefly describe major mechanisms for the horizontal gene…

A: Horizontal gene transfer refers to the process by which an organism transfers its genetic to another…

Q: Briefly explain how genes in phages are mapped.

A: In bacteriophage, the mapping of genes depends upon the homologous recombination between the phage…

Q: Contrast the sizes of the chromosomes of bacteriophage l and T2with that of E. coli, and compare the…

A: Chromosomes are thread-like structures that are present inside the nucleus of the plant and animal…

Q: Describe asexual reproduction in prokaryotes and summarize three mechanisms (transformation,…

A: Sexual and asexual reproduction are both possible in prokaryotic organisms. Conjugation,…

Q: What is lateral gene trasfer? How might it take place between two bacterial cells?

A: Gene transfer is the process in which the DNA containing functional genes is transferred between two…

Q: What is a transducing phage?

A: Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into the cell by a suitable virus or…

Q: Explain the difference between positive-strand and negative-strandviral genomes.

A: RNA viruses come with different patterns of genetic material. Positive and negative ssRNA viruses…

Q: How is genome replicated in M13 bacteriophage?

A: M13 belong to the family of Ff phages. Ff phages are composed of a circular single stranded DNA…

Q: Describe the role that integrase plays during the insertion of λDNA into the host chromosome.

A: Integrase is a viral enzyme that catalyzes the integration of virally derived DNA into host cell…

Q: How Does Yeast transformation experiments were used to identify the functional chromosomal elements…

A: The genetic cell alteration that results from exogenous genetic material direct uptake or…

Q: Write a role of bacteriophage and its diagram?

A: Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses which are explicit towards bacterial strains and are natural…

Q: Explain the mechanism used to transfer genes via conjugation

A: Bacterial conjugation is the method of gene transfer from one bacterium to another by direct cell to…

Q: Explain why polyribosomes can only be produced by bacteria and not eukaryotes.

A: Introduction A Prokaryotes are the small single-celled organisms that lack a recognizable nucleus,…

Q: How are temperate phages replicated?

A: The virus that infects the bacteria and replicates within them are called bacteriophage. The virus…

Q: What is the background and history of gene transfer into mammalian cell?

A: Introduction :- Using gene transfer new DNA is introduced into an existing organism's cell via…

Q: Compare and contrast the mechanisms of replicative andnon-replicative transposition.

A: Transposition is a process, during which the DNA segment is transferred from one site to another in…

Q: Cells that continue toexpress telomerase include which cells?

A: A telomere is a region at the end of the eukaryotic chromosome that contains repetitive sequences.…

Q: Contrast the DNA sequences dictating centromereformation in yeast and in higher eukaryotes.

A: Centromere a specialized DNA sequence of a chromosome at which sister chromatids are linked and to…

Q: What characteristic specifically defines a High Frequency Recombination (HFr) cell line?

A: plasmid is an extrachromosomal DNA that can replicate independently.  F plasmid is called fertility…

Q: explain Gene relocation due to transposition

A: Transposition is defined as the phenomenon of the relocation of one gene from one loci to another.…

Q: A bacteriophage lytic development cycle is determined by the expression of its genes. How are these…

A: Bacteriophages are also known as phages, these are viruses that infect bacteria for the completion…

Q: Describe the stages in the multiplication cycle of bacteriophages.

A: Bacteriophage : It is the virus which infects bacteria . So we call it bacteriophage.  There are two…

Q: What is a prophage or temperate phage? What is lysogeny?

A: A bacteriophage is a virus that replicates and also infects the host cell, bacteria and archaea.…

Q: Explain why can a clone can be produced from a single body cell adult?

A: Clones are organisms shaped by the asexual technique of replica. it's the assembly of a replacement…

Q: What are the 2 types of bacteriophage?

A: Micro-organisms are such small living organisms that are less than 0.1 mm, and can be seen only…

Q: How do you generate single genomes that can be packaged into individual phage particles?

A: Viral DNA packaging motors are one among the most powerful molecular motors known.

Q: How is the genome replicated prior to binary fission in a bacterial cell?

A: DNA replication is a process by which duplication of a molecule of DNA takes place. Duplication of…

Q: what are implications of gene transfer from organellargenomes to the nucleus

A: Organellar genomes are the genomes of chloroplasts and mitochondria which have circular chromosomes.…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.