### Hazard Avoidance and Instruction Scheduling#### Instructions for Optimizing Pipeline ExecutionTo optimize instruction execution in a pipelined architecture, follow these guidelines:1. **Rearrange Instructions**: Adjust the order of instructions to minimize data hazards. This involves scheduling them such that data dependencies are respected and stalls are reduced.2. **Insert `nop`s**: If hazards are unavoidable, insert `nop` (no operation) instructions to create the necessary stalls. These help in maintaining correct program execution by accommodating data dependency delays.3. **Use of Register S15**: For storing temporary values during modifications, utilize register S15. Making use of additional registers can help manage data flows and dependencies.4. **Instruction Changes**: If rearranging and inserting `nop`s are insufficient, consider altering the instructions themselves to circumvent hazards._Please rewrite the new instruction order below. Once the instructions are finalized, populate the pipeline cycle table accordingly._#### Pipeline Cycle TableThis is a template for tracking instruction execution across pipeline stages and cycles:| Instruction Set | Pipeline Cycle ||-----------------|----------------------------------------------------------|| | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 || **Instruction 1** | | | | | | | | | | | | | || **Instruction 2** | | | | | | | | | | | | | || **Instruction 3** | | | | | | | | | | | | | || **Instruction 4** | | | | | | | | | | | | | |_Update the table above as you execute the modified instruction set to ensure efficient pipeline utilization._ ### Pipeline Simulation ExerciseThis exercise focuses on simulating instruction processing through a pipelined CPU architecture. It explores scenarios involving forwarding and hazard detection.#### a) Number of cycles?Determine the number of pipeline cycles needed for each scenario.#### b) No-forwarding; nops allowedBelow is a table representing the instruction execution in pipeline cycles when no forwarding is implemented. Nops can be inserted to resolve hazards.**Instruction Set | Pipeline Cycle**``` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 -----------------------------------------```(Empty table for students to fill in.)#### c) Forwarding-allowed; insert stalls/bubbles/nops as required [5 pts]This section allows for forwarding. The table below is for determining where stalls, bubbles, or nops are needed.**Instruction Set | Pipeline Cycle**``` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 -----------------------------------------```(Empty table for students to fill in.)#### d) If hazard detection is not working, and so no forwarding.Students must simulate what happens when hazard detection fails, which also means no forwarding. Describe each instruction's behavior with comments.**Instruction Set 1:**1. **lw $1, 24($6)**2. **add $2, $3, $1**3. **add $1, $6, $4**4. **and $1, $1, $4**5. **sw $2, 12($2)***(Note: Write in comments what occurs in each instruction step.)*Example: For instruction 1: `add $1, $5, $3 # No action required here`

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Description: ### Hazard Avoidance and Instruction Scheduling#### Instructions for Optimizing Pipeline ExecutionTo optimize instruction execution in a pipelined architecture, follow these guidelines:1. **Rearrange Instructions**: Adjust the order of instructions

Data dangersData risks arise whilst commands that exhibit facts dependence modify facts in specific…

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e) Rearrange the instructions to avoid hazards where possible. Insert nop's to force the appropriate number of stalls when a hazard cannot be avoided. If needed, update change the instructions. You can use register $15 to hold temporary values in the modified code. (Note: Write the new instructions below as a first step and then fill in the given table accordingly) Instruction set #1 Pipeline Cycle 6. Instruction Set 1 7. 10 11 12 13

e) Rearrange the instructions to avoid hazards where possible. Insert nop's to force the appropriate number of stalls when a hazard cannot be avoided. If needed, update change the instructions. You can use register $15 to hold temporary values in the modified code. (Note: Write the new instructions below as a first step and then fill in the given table accordingly) Instruction set #1 Pipeline Cycle 6. Instruction Set 1 7. 10 11 12 13

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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