During exercise—as compared with rest—what are the aspects ofblood O2 transport that can be modified to increase O2 deliveryto the exercising muscles? Based on the information discussed inthis chapter, how do squids differ from vertebrates in the specificways in which they increase O2 delivery?

Q: Give the digrammatic representation showing scheme of single circulation in a fish?

A: Fishes have two chambered heart and their heart has only one atrium and one ventricle. The…

Q: What types of experiments led to evidence regarding theeffect of oxytocin and vasopressin on…

A: Oxytocin and vasopressin are neuropeptides that play a central role in the social process of…

Q: Discuss how contraction and relaxation of arteriolar vascular smooth muscle regulates peripheral…

A: Arteriolar smooth muscles are involuntary muscles that are present in the arterioles. Their main…

Q: How can the viscosity of water both hinder and facilitate movement in aquatic animals?

A: Viscosity can be defined as the measure of the fluid's resistance to the flow. It also describes the…

Q: If the septa of an anthozoan are removed, which of the following would result? B. the inability to…

A: Anthozoa is a class of marine invertebrates which includes the sea anemones, stony corals and soft…

Q: Beings from four phyla ofthe animal kingdom “breath”(do gas exchange) bydiffusion. Which are…

A: Invertebrates are animals having no backbone. They are the most widespread animal on earth. Examples…

Q: Compared to mammals dobirds absorb more or lesswater in their digestivesystem? Why is thisphenomenon…

A: Birds are flying vertebrates and they are under selective pressure to reduce the size of their gut…

Q: Briefly explain how spinchcters control these function in the infants when they go from involuntary…

A: The sphincter is a circular muscle that controls the passage of liquids and solids. Sphincters can…

Q: Name the compartments that separate the body fluids of eumetazoan animals and to explain the way in…

A: Animal bodies contain both intracellular and external components. The two essential non-cellular…

Q: Which has more oxygen requirement an adult fish or a juvenile fish? Why?

A: Fishes use dissolved oxygen in the water for respiration purposes. The amount of oxygen used by…

Q: How do you think non-migratory midwater fishes, with their flabbymuscles, are able to prey on…

A: The aquatic organisms that are known to lack limbs are the fishes. They are equipped with a certain…

Q: How does the countercurrent exchange system increase the efficiency of gas exchange between a fish’s…

A: Counter-current mechanism It is a physiological process responsible for high osmotic concentration…

Q: Why do male marsupial omnivores have a bifurcated intermittent organ?

A: Introduction Any member of the mammalian infraclass Marsupialia is referred to as a marsupial.…

Q: Discuss the physiogical adaptations that limit water loss in terrestrial insects. You should provide…

A: In this question we have to describe about a physiological adaptation to prevent water loss. See…

Q: Describe the common features that determine whysome invertebrates, such as sponges, cnidarians,…

A: The circulatory system carries oxygen, nutrient, and all over cells.

Q: Bony Fish Describe the colors and textures of the dissected perch (bony fish), their functions, and…

A: Bony fishes have a body made of bone, scales, paired fins, one pair of gill openings, teeth, and…

Q: If the lateral cilia of ascidian gill bars were removed, which of the following would be likely to…

A: Ascidia is a genus of tunicates in the family Ascidiidae.

Q: What structures are involved gas exchange in animals? O gills O lungs allantois chorion

A: Respiration is a biochemical process of oxidation of organic compounds in an orderly manner for the…

Q: v [ Choose ] Tunicata Trematoda Cestoda siphons, tadpole larva (some species) Cephalochordata…

A: Answer. Cestoda and Trematoda are classes that belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes. Examples…

Q: Why are sharks osmoconformers yet ionoconformers? Explain using concepts on osmoregulation and…

A: Osmoconformers: these are the marine animals with the ability to maintain the osmorality of their…

Q: Explain The Mammalian Diving Reflex?

A: When a Human clasps their breath and submerges in water, the nose and face become moist which…

Q: In the normal amphibian embryo, where do we find the highest concentration of Retinoic Acid (RA)?…

A: When an egg is fertilized by a sperm, the embryo is formed. The process of embryo development is…

Q: How do most insects respire?

A: Respiration is an oxidation process in which a complex organic substance is degraded, resulting in…

Q: Refer to the figure of a burrowing annelid. In segment 3 the contracted and this segment thus forms…

A: The annelid belongs to phylum, Annelida. They are also called segmented worms. They are member of a…

Q: ow does the number of fish affect dissolved oxygen through the process of respiration?

A: Dissolved oxygen is the amount of oxygen dissolved in water by the action of aerating winds.  Oxygen…

Q: How do Po2 and Pn2 change with increasing depth? What are the consequences for human divers as a…

A: The inhaled air is a mixture of gases, and the pressure contributed by a single gas in the mixture…

Q: What is the alternativemeans for transport ofsubstances in animals withouta circulatory system? Why…

A: A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. They are often called as "Building…

Q: If the septa of an anthozoan are removed, which of the following would result? B. the inability to…

A: Question -  If the septa of an anthozoan are removed, which of the following would result? B). the…

Q: In cephalopods contraction of mantle cavity through the of the mantle force water from the…

A: The study of cephalopods is teuthology teuthology is the branch of malacology. Oxygenated water for…

Q: When adductor muscles of bivalves relax the valves will gape because the muscles are antagonized by…

A: The adductor muscle tissues are the primary muscular device in bivalve mollusks (e.g. in clams,…

Q: How is the respiratory system of insects (with its independence between circulation and respiration)…

A: The respiratory system of insects is separate from their circulatory system. It functions for…

Q: Interpret your data in Graph 1 (Image of Graph 1 attached); What does your data tell you about the…

A: An operculum is a group of bones that protects the respiratory organ of fish that is gills. The…

Q: In an ecdysozoan would cease if ecdysis did not occur.

A: Arthropoda (insects, chelicerata, crustaceans, and myriapods), Nematoda, and several smaller phyla…

Q: According to the Fick equation, the fish gill is an effective gas exchange surface because... A. It…

A: The Fick equation is a mathematical formula that describes the rate of diffusion of a gas across a…

Q: A: One benefit to zooxanthellae from hermatypic corals B: One function of a sea anemone…

A: Corals are a group of invertebrate animals that live in the marine environment. Corals are members…

Q: Explain how the circulatory and digestive systems are related to each other in function and location…

A: The circulatory system is one that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients, oxygen,…

Q: (4a) A physoclistic fish is swimming toward the surface – what is happening inside its gas bladder…

A: (4a) A physoclistic fish is swimming toward the surface – what is happening inside its gas bladder…

Q: How are mammalian gaits related to the molecular structure of muscle?

A:

Q: Briefly describe the 2 mechanisms frogs have for gas exchange.

A: A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians…

Q: What is meant by “countercurrent flow” as it applies to fish gills?

A: Gills are the respiratory structures of most of the aquatic animals. The simplest type of gills is…

Muscle Action

A change in the body or a bodily organ as a result of its functioning is referred to as an action. Muscle action can be defined as the specific movement of a bodily part generated by the contraction of a muscle. The muscle proteins actin and myosin are the important contractile proteins involved in muscle action. Muscle contraction, in addition to movement, serves several other important functions in the body, including posture, heat generation, and joint stability. Muscle contraction maintains posture, which includes standing and sitting.