Drinking water can be obtained via (a) bottled spring water or (b) a sink-mounted reverse osmosis device. Briefly discuss two negative aspects of each, from a sustainability point of view.
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Drinking water can be obtained via (a) bottled spring water or (b) a sink-mounted reverse osmosis device. Briefly discuss two negative aspects of each, from a sustainability point of view.
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- Provide an example of an organism within each of the four main nutritional categories of microbes and describe how each obtains its essential nutrients. Provide evidence in support of or refuting the following statement: Microbial life can exist in the complete absence of both sunlight or organic nutrients. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technology that requires high temperatures to reproduce DNA fragments. Explain why the discovery of thermophilic archaea and their associated DNA polymerases was critical to the success of this technique. Summarize how the electron transport chain functions to produce ATP in a bacterial cell versus eukaryotic cell. Explain whether or not the term chemiosmosis accurately illustrates this process.Have the provisions of the Clean Water Act been effective? Discuss some of the methods we can adopt, in addition to “end-of-pipe” solutions, to prevent water pollution.Define the following terms: a. obligate anaerobe b. aerotolerant anaerobe c. facultative anaerobe d. obligate aerobe e. reactive oxygen species
- Can you please help answer the question?Mentions the advantages of membrane bioreactors in water treatmentWhich of the following statements regarding low temperature storage is FALSE? Question options: freezing inhibits microbes through the unavailability of water freezing causes microbial death largely through DNA denaturation all of these statements are TRUE refrigeration functions largely by reducing the metabolic rate of microbes psychrophiles are generally not effectively inhibited by refrigeration many bacteria can survive freezing for years at a time
- Coliforms are commonly used as an indicator of drinking water quality. As we discussed, in March and April of 1993 there was a major outbreak of gastrointestinal illness in Milwaukee, Wisconsin caused by contamination in the public drinking water supply. As summarized by MacKenzie et al.1, “throughout the period from February to April 1993, samples of treated water from both (water treatment) plants were negative for coliforms and were within the limits set by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for water quality.” Why, in this case, did coliforms remain at acceptable levels despite water contamination that resulted in over 400,000 cases of gastrointestinal illness?3. (a) Comparing the culture-dependant (e.g., colony forming units count) and DNA- based (e.g., PCR) bacterial number quantification methods, what are the primary disadvantages of using culture-dependent methods to quantify bacterial numbers in an environmental sample? Use no more than three sentences or bullet points to present your answer succinctly.Your lab supervisor asks you to grow a new bacterium they got from a collaborator. You grow them in the suggested nutrient-rich media, and you notice that as the log phase growth progresses, the bacteria seem to turn purple. You mention it to your supervisor and ask whether it is the gradient from very high to low nutrient bioavailability that induces metabolic changes which induces the production of a purple pigment. Your supervisor tells you that is unlikely. What is a more plausible conclusion
- Defend or refute this statement: The upper-temperature limit to life is unrelated to the stability of proteins or nucleic acids and how influential is microbial activity on the geological processes of mineral formation and deposition compared to biological processes? (argue both sides of this one). What challenges and advantages do you see with the use of extremeophiles in industrial or bioremediation applications?To track cell growth and utilization of the limiting substrate in a bioreactor, the yield is typically used. The yield overline v is defined as Y = (X - X_{0}) / (S_{0} - S) Where X and S are the cell mass and substrate concentration at any time t and X_{0} and S_{0} are the initial cell mass and substrate concentration. Assume that your cells spend a time tl in the lag phase, and then transition to the exponential phase. Calculate the concentration of the substrate S, at any time point t in the reactor Use Monod equation in the exponential phase to relate mu net to mu max . Your final answer should only contain S. S_{0} X_{0} t, mu max and K_{s}Discuss the process of purifying drinking water and the importance of each step in the removal of contaminants.