Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
draw the major product of the following reactions
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#### k.
**Reactants:**
- Hydrocarbon with a triple bond (alkyne)
**Reagent:**
- \( \text{Cl}_2 \) (Chlorine)
**Description:**
The reaction involves the addition of chlorine (\( \text{Cl}_2 \)) to a triple-bonded alkyne, resulting in the formation of a chlorinated hydrocarbon.
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#### l.
**Reactants:**
- Hydrocarbon with a triple bond (alkyne)
**Reagent:**
- \( \text{HBr (excess)} \) (Hydrobromic acid)
**Description:**
Excess hydrobromic acid (\( \text{HBr} \)) reacts with an alkyne, leading to the addition of bromine across the multiple bonds and forming a dibromo alkane.
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#### m.
**Reactants:**
- Alkyne with a branching at the terminal carbon
**Reagents:**
- \( \text{H}_2\text{O} \) (Water)
- \( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \) (Sulfuric Acid)
- \( \text{HgSO}_4 \) (Mercuric Sulfate)
**Description:**
In the presence of sulfuric acid and mercuric sulfate, water adds across the triple bond of an alkyne. This hydration reaction typically results in a ketone formation.
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#### n.
There appears to be no visible molecule or reagent. It may be intended for another example or detail not shown in the image.
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These reaction schemes illustrate common addition reactions involving alkynes that result in the formation and transformation of various functional groups."
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The given reactions are shown below.
We have to give the major product of those reactions.
Types of reactions:
- Chlorination reaction of alkyne,
- Hydrohalogenation reaction of alkyne.
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