Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry 11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
1 Matter, Energy, And Measurement 2 Atoms 3 Chemical Bonds 4 Chemical Reactions 5 Gases, Liquids, And Solids 6 Solutions And Colloids 7 Reaction Rates And Chemical Equilibrium 8 Acids And Bases 9 Nuclear Chemistry 10 Organic Chemistry 11 Alkanes 12 Alkenes And Alkynes 13 Benzene And Its Derivatives 14 Alcohols, Ethers, And Thiols 15 Chirality: The Handedness Of Molecules 16 Amines 17 Aldehydes And Ketones 18 Carboxylic Acids 19 Carboxylic Anhydrides, Esters, And Amides 20 Carbohydrates 21 Lipids 22 Proteins 23 Enzymes 24 Chemical Communications: Neurotransmitters And Hormones 25 Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, And Heredity 26 Gene Expression And Protein Synthesis 27 Bioenergetics: How The Body Converts Food To Energy 28 Specific Catabolic Pathways: Carbohydrate, Lipid, And Protein Metabolism 29 Biosynthetic Pathways 30 Nutrition 31 Immunochemistry Chapter1: Matter, Energy, And Measurement
1.1 Why Do We Call Chemistry The Study Of Matter? 1.2 What Is The Scientific Method? 1.3 How Do Scientists Report Numbers? 1.4 How Do We Make Measurements? 1.5 What Is A Handy Way To Convert From One Unit To Another? 1.6 What Are The States Of Matter? 1.7 What Are Density And Specific Gravity? 1.8 How Do We Describe The Various Forms Of Energy? 1.9 How Do We Describe Heat And The Ways In Whicit Is Transferred? Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.12P: 1-12 The life expectancy of a citizen in the United States is 76 years. Eighty years ago it was 56... Problem 1.13P: 1-13 Define the following terms: (a) Matter (b) Chemistry Problem 1.14P: 1-14 In Table 1-4, you find four metals (iron, aluminum, copper, and lead) and three organic... Problem 1.15P: 1-15 In a newspaper, you read that Dr. X claimed that he has found a new remedy to cure diabetes.... Problem 1.16P Problem 1.17P: 1-17 Write in exponential notation: (a) 0.351 (b) 602.1 (c) 0.000128 (d) 628122 Problem 1.18P: 1-18 Write out in full: (a) 4.03 × l05 (b) 3.2 × 103 (c) 7.13 × 10-5 (d) 5.55 × 1010 Problem 1.19P: 1-19 Multiply: (a) (2.16 × 105) (3.08 × 1012) (b) (1.6 × 10-8) (7.2 × 108) (c) (5.87 × 1010) (6.6 ×... Problem 1.20P Problem 1.21P Problem 1.22P Problem 1.23P Problem 1.24P Problem 1.25P: 1-25 How many significant figures are in the following? (a) 0.012 (b) 0.10203 (c) 36.042 (d) 8401.0... Problem 1.26P: 1-26 How many significant figures are in the following? (a) 5.71 × 1013 (b) 4.4 × 105 (c) 3 × 10-6... Problem 1.27P: 1-27 Round off to two significant figures: (a) 91.621 (b) 7.329 (c) 0.677 (d) 0.003249 (e) 5.88 Problem 1.28P: 1-28 Multiply these numbers, using the correct number of significant figures in your answer: (a)... Problem 1.29P: 1.29 Divide these numbers, using the correct number of significant figures in your answer: (a)... Problem 1.30P: 1-30 Add these groups of measured numbers using the correct number of significant figures in your... Problem 1.31P: 1-31 In the SI system, the second is the base unit of time. We talk about atomic events that occur... Problem 1.32P: 1-32 How many grams are in the following? (a)1 kg (b) 1 mg Problem 1.33P: 1-33 Estimate without actually calculating which one is the shorter distance: (a) 20 mm or 0.3 m (b)... Problem 1.34P: 1-34 For each of these, tell which figure is closest to the correct answer: (a) A baseball bat has a... Problem 1.35P: 1-35 You are taken for a helicopter ride in Hawaii from Kona (sea level) to the top of the volcano... Problem 1.36P Problem 1.37P Problem 1.38P: 1-38 Make the following conversions (conversion factor are given in Table 1-3): (a) 42.6 kg to lb... Problem 1.39P: 1.39 Make the following metric conversions: (a)964 mLto L (b)275 mm to cm (c) 45.7 kg to g (d) 475... Problem 1.40P: There are 2 bottles of cough syrup available on the shelf at the pharmacy One contains 9.5 oz and... Problem 1.41P: 1-41 A humidifier located at a nursing station holds 4.00 gallons of water. How many fluid ounces of... Problem 1.42P: 1-42 You drive in Canada where the distances are marked in kilometers. The sign says you are 80 km... Problem 1.43P: 1-43 The speed limit in some European cities is 80 km/h. How many miles per hour is this? Problem 1.44P: 1-44 Your car gets 25.00 miles on a gallon of gas. What would be your car’s fuel efficiency in km/L? Problem 1.45P: 145 Children’s Chewable Tylenol contains 80. mg of acetaminophen per tablet. If the recommended... Problem 1.46P: 1-46 A patient weighs 186 lbs. She must receive an IV medication based on body weight. The order... Problem 1.47P: 1-47 The doctor orders administration of a drug at 120. mg per 1000. mL at 400. mL/24 h. How many mg... Problem 1.48P: 1-48 The recommended pediatric dosage of Velosef is 20. mg/kg/day. What is the daily dose in mg for... Problem 1.49P: 1-49 A critical care physician prescribes an IV of heparin to be administered at a rate of 1100... Problem 1.50P: 1-50 If an IV is mixed so that each 150 mL contains 500. mg of the drug lidocaine, how many minutes... Problem 1.51P: 1-51 A nurse practitioner orders isotonic sodium lactate 50. mL/kg body mass to be administered... Problem 1.52P: 1-52 An order for a patient reads Give 40. mg of pantoprazole IV and 5 g of MgSO4 IV. The... Problem 1.53P Problem 1.54P Problem 1.55P: 1-55 Does the chemical nature of a substance change when it melts from a solid to a liquid? Problem 1.56P: 1-56 The volume of a rock weighing 1.075 kg is 334.5 mL. What is the density of the rock in g/mL?... Problem 1.57P: 1-57 The density of manganese is 7.21 g/mL, that of calcium chloride is 2.15 g/mL, and that of... Problem 1.58P: 1.58 The density of titanium is 4.54 g/mL. What is the volume, in milliliters, of 163 g of titanium? Problem 1.59P: 1-59 An injection of 4 mg of Valium has been prescribed for a patient suffering from muscle spasms.... Problem 1.60P: 1-60 The density of methanol at 20oC is 0.791 g/mL. What is the mass, in grams, of a 280 mL sample? Problem 1.61P: 1-61 The density of dichloromethane, a liquid insoluble in water, is 1.33 g/cc. If dichioromethane... Problem 1.62P: 1-62 A sample of 10.00 g of oxygen has a volume of 6702 mL. The same weight of carbon dioxide... Problem 1.63P Problem 1.64P Problem 1.65P: 1-65 While you drive your car, your battery is being charged. How would you describe this process in... Problem 1.66P: 1-66 How many calories are required to heat the following (specific heats are given in Table 1-4)?... Problem 1.67P: 1-67 If 168 g of an unknown liquid requires 2750 cal of heat to raise its temperature from 26oC to... Problem 1.68P: 1-68 The specific heat of steam is 0.48 cal/g oC. How many kilocalories are needed to raise the... Problem 1.69P Problem 1.70P: 1-70 (Chemical Connections IA) The average lethal dose of heroin is 1.52 mg/kg of body weight.... Problem 1.71P Problem 1.72P Problem 1.73P: 1-73 (Chemical Connections 1C) Which would make a more efficient cold compress, ethanol or methanol?... Problem 1.74P Problem 1.75P: 1-75 A brain weighing 1.0 lb occupies a volume of 620 mL. What is the specific gravity of the brain? Problem 1.76P: 1-76 If the density of air is 1.25 10-3 g/cc, what is the mass in kilograms of the air in a room... Problem 1.77P: 1-77 Classify these as kinetic or potential energy: (a) Water held by a dam (b) A speeding train (c)... Problem 1.78P: 1-78 The kinetic energy possessed by an object with a mass of 1 g moving with a velocity of 1 cm/s... Problem 1.79P: 1-79 A European car advertises an efficiency of 22 km/L, while an American car claims an economy of... Problem 1.80P Problem 1.81P Problem 1.82P: 1-82 When the astronauts walked on the Moon, they could make giant leaps in spite of their heavy... Problem 1.83P: 1-83 Which of the following is the largest mass and which is the smallest? 41g (b)3 103mg 8.2 106g... Problem 1.84P: 1-84 Which quantity is bigger in each of the following pairs? (a) 1 gigaton: 10. megaton (b) 10.... Problem 1.85P: 1-85 In Japan, high-speed “bullet trains” move with an average speed of 220. km./h. If Dallas and... Problem 1.86P: 1-86 The specific heats of some elements at 25oC are as follows: aluminum = 0.215 cal/g · oC; carbon... Problem 1.87P: 1-87 Water that contains deuterium rather than ordinary hydrogen (see Section 2-4D) is called heavy... Problem 1.88P: 1-88 One quart of milk costs 80 cents and one liter costs 86 cents. Which is the better buy? Problem 1.89P: 1-89 Consider butter, density 0.860 g/mL, and sand, density 2.28 g/mL. (a) If 1.00 mL of butter is... Problem 1.90P: 1-90 Which speed is the fastest? (a) 70 mi/h (b) 140 km/h (c) 4.5 km/s (d) 48 mi/mm Problem 1.91P: 1-91 In calculating the specific heat of a substance, the following data are used: mass = 92.15 g;... Problem 1.92P: 1-92 A solar cell generates 500. kJ of energy per hour. To keep a refrigerator at 4oC, one needs... Problem 1.93P: 1-93 The specific heat of urea is 1.339 J/g . If one adds 60.0 J of heat to 10.0 g of urea at 20oC,... Problem 1.94P Problem 1.95P: 1-95 You receive an order for 60. mg of meperidine (Demerol) for your postsurgical patient. The... Problem 1.96P Problem 1.97P Problem 1.98P: 1-98 The antifreeze-coolant compound used in cars does not have the same density as water. Would a... Problem 1.99P Problem 1.100P Problem 1.101P Problem 1.102P Problem 1.103P Problem 1.104P Problem 1.105P Problem 1.106P Problem 1.107P Problem 1.108P Problem 1.109P Problem 1.110P Problem 1.111P: 1-111 In the hospital, your doctor orders 100. mg of medication per hour. The label on the IV bag... Problem 1.112P: 1-112 A febrile, pediatric patient weighs 42 pounds. You need to administer acetaminophen (Tylenol)... Problem 1.103P
Related questions
(19, 5) Draw structures for the carbonyl electrophile and enolate nucleophile that react to give the aldol or enone below.
You do not have to consider stereochemistry.
Draw the enolate ion in its carbanion form.
Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner.
Separate multiple reactants using the + sign from the drop-down menu.
FOR E/Z stoichiometry one:
Consider E /Z stereochemistry of alkenes.
Draw the enolate ion in its carbanion form.
Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner.
Separate multiple reactants using the + sign from the drop-down menu.
Transcribed Image Text: CH3O
O:
Disconnect at the bond farther from the sulfur atom.
Transcribed Image Text: НО
Definition Definition Organic compounds that contain at least one double bond between carbon-carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for alkenes with one double bond is C n H 2n .
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Step 1: Introduction to enolate chemistry
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Step 2: Drawing the carbonyl electrophile and enolate nucliophile for the given aldol product
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