Catalysis and Enzymatic Reactions
Catalysis is the kind of chemical reaction in which the rate (speed) of a reaction is enhanced by the catalyst which is not consumed during the process of reaction and afterward it is removed when the catalyst is not used to make up the impurity in the product. The enzymatic reaction is the reaction that is catalyzed via enzymes.
Lock And Key Model
The lock-and-key model is used to describe the catalytic enzyme activity, based on the interaction between enzyme and substrate. This model considers the lock as an enzyme and the key as a substrate to explain this model. The concept of how a unique distinct key only can have the access to open a particular lock resembles how the specific substrate can only fit into the particular active site of the enzyme. This is significant in understanding the intermolecular interaction between proteins and plays a vital role in drug interaction.
- Explain why cyclopentadiene (pKa = 15) is more acidic than pyrrole (pKa = 17) even though nitrogen is more electronegative than carbon?
- Why
carboxylic acid with a carbonyl group at 3rd position can be decarboxylated?
- Differentiate between Aldol and Claisen condensation reaction.
- Explain why electrophilic
aromatic substitution in Pyrrole takes place at C-2 positions whereas, in Pyridine it takes place at C-3 position?
- LDA is the base of choice for carbonyl compound to completely convert into enolate. Why?
- List the following esters in order of decreasing reactivities towards hydrolysis with reason:
Methyl benzoate, p-cyano methyl benzoate and p-hydroxy methyl benzoate
- How will you describe whether any compound has been oxidized or reduced? Support your answer with suitable examples.
- A) Define chemo selective reactions with examples.
- B) Give any two conditions where enol tautomer is more stable than keto tautomer.
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