Answered: Draw structures and assign names for…

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079373

Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley

Publisher:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley

Chapter22: Organic Chemistry

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21QAP

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Question

Draw structures and assign names for alcohols, phenols, diols, and thiols.

Expert Solution

Step 1

The representation of arrangement of atoms, group of atoms and bonds (double or triple) in the compound is called as structural formula.

Step 2

The systematic naming of organic compound is given by IUPAC. The naming of organic compound is done such that the structure of organic compound is correctly interpreted from the name.

The rules for assigning names for alcohols, phenols, thiols, and diols are represented as follows:

According to the IUPAC nomenclature,

First longest chain of carbon atom is identified.
Numbering is given to the longest chain in such a way that the functional group gets the least number.
Prefix mono, di, tri is used for the number of functional group present or substituents attached.
Suffix ‘ane’, ‘ene’, and ‘yne’ is added for alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes respectively.
Suffix ‘ol’, ‘diol’, and ‘thiol’ is added for alcohols, diols, and thiols respectively.
The naming for phenols has been derived from the common names and it has been retained in the IUPAC nomenclature.

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