Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in the step of the mechanism shown below. Arrow-pushing Instructions NOC XT :: [MgX]* H3C-C-0-CH3 CH₂CH₂CH3 :0: || H3C-C-CH₂CH₂CH3 + HạC—O: [MgX]* A ketone X
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
![**Title: Understanding the Movement of Electrons in a Reaction Mechanism**
**Introduction:**
Learn about the step-by-step mechanism of electron movement in a chemical reaction. This illustration focuses on the conversion of a specific compound into a ketone.
**Mechanism Details:**
1. **Initial Reactant:**
- The starting compound is shown with a carbon chain (H₃C-CH₂CH₂CH₃) attached to a central carbon connected to an oxygen atom [O⁻] with a magnesium halide group [MgX]⁺.
- The oxygen has a negative charge and is depicted with lone pairs of electrons.
2. **Reaction Process:**
- The curved arrows indicate electron movement from the lone pair on the oxygen (O) towards the adjacent bond, facilitating bond cleavage and transformation.
3. **Product Formation:**
- A ketone is formed with the structure H₃C-C=O attached to the same carbon chain (CH₂CH₂CH₃).
- Alongside the ketone, the rest of the original compound transforms into H₃C-O⁻[MgX]⁺, with the oxygen retaining a negative charge and lone pairs.
4. **Diagram Features:**
- The instruction box "Arrow-pushing Instructions" provides guidance on how to show electron movements.
- A button with arrow instructions and a recycling bin icon is present.
- An ending 'X' mark suggests a possible next interactive step is required for further analysis.
**Conclusion:**
This diagram is a representation of a step in a reaction mechanism where electron movements are crucial for understanding the transformation of reactants to products, highlighting the formation of a ketone from the reactant structure.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fdf8f923a-fead-432c-9268-8665df60689d%2F1ec939c6-dbcc-43ff-a706-b361acace51c%2Fdoe8z6p_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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