Draw a complete process flow diagram for a conventional filtration drinking water treatment plant, labeling each component and indicating its purpose (what it is designed to remove or how it affects removal in subsequent processes).
Draw a complete process flow diagram for a conventional filtration drinking water treatment plant, labeling each component and indicating its purpose (what it is designed to remove or how it affects removal in subsequent processes).
Disinfection by-products: why are they a problem, how are they formed, and how does a conventional filtration plant minimize their formation?
The purpose of coagulation and flocculation is to prepare colloidal particles for removal from water or wastewater by a downstream process of settling and/or filtration. The coagulants that are commonly used have two different functions that you should explain.
Explain how (the dreaded chemistry) the addition of alum decreases alkalinity and tends to lower the pH of the treated water. (you may want to have a separate slide or graphic to help you explain this).
Make sure to discuss how the mixing systems differ between the coagulation (rapid mix) and flocculation (slow mix) steps in the process.
Talk about the
In an ion-exchange process, which ion has a higher affinity for exchange: Potassium ions (K+) or Calcium ions (Ca2+)? Why?
Explain how ion exchange columns are typically arranged and operated when trying to meet a health-related standard and still use all the available exchange capacity of a resin bed.
Reverse osmosis is a form of membrane filtration that can be used to make drinking water from ocean water. Explain the fundamental operation of a reverse osmosis system.
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