Dozen Bakery makes cupcakes and cookies. Dozen gathered the following information for the current year regarding its use of flour and butter (flour is a direct material for cupcakes and butter is a direct material for cookies): Flour (Direct Materials) Butter (Direct Materials) Cupcakes Cookies Standard quantity per batch Standard Price (SP) per pound 2 Ibs. 3 lbs. $2.50/lb Actual quantity purchased (AQP) and used per batch (pounds) Actual Price (AP) paid 4 lbs. $3.00/lb. $5.50/lb. Price variance $300 U $1,200 U Quantity variance Flexible budget variance Number of units produced $500 F $3,100 U 400 400 What is the standard price per pound of butter?
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
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