**Title: The Role of Lizards in Seed Germination: An ANOVA Analysis****Introduction:**Research conducted in South Africa examined whether lizards play a crucial role in the dispersal and germination of plant seeds. A study gathered 400 seeds of a particular type, with 100 seeds subjected to each of four different treatments: lizard dung, bird dung, rock hyrax dung, and uneaten figs. The seeds were planted in batches of 5, and seed germination was observed for each treatment, resulting in 20 observations per treatment. **Data Summary:**- **Uneaten figs:** Mean = 2.50, Standard Deviation = 0.29- **Lizard dung:** Mean = 2.40, Standard Deviation = 0.32- **Bird dung:** Mean = 1.80, Standard Deviation = 0.25- **Hyrax dung:** Mean = 1.40, Standard Deviation = 0.23**ANOVA Analysis (Part a):**The goal is to test if there is a statistically significant difference in the mean number of seeds germinating among the four treatments using ANOVA at a 0.05 significance level.1. **Hypotheses:** - **Null Hypothesis (H₀):** The means of all treatments are equal (μ₁ = μ₂ = μ₃ = μ₄). - **Alternative Hypotheses:** - All four means are different. - At least one treatment has a different mean from the others. - Various combinations of differing means.2. **ANOVA Table Structure:** - **Source of Variation:** Between Groups and Within Group - **Degrees of Freedom, Sum of Squares, Mean Squares, F Ratio, F Prob:** These fields are set up to input calculated values to conduct ANOVA.**Conclusion for Part a:**- The conclusion is based on whether the calculated F statistic and P-value support the rejection of the null hypothesis, indicating significant differences in germination means.**Statistical Significance Testing (Part b):**The study further investigates if seeds excreted by lizards have a higher germination rate than those excreted by birds using a T-K confidence interval with a critical value of q = 3.72.1. **Hypothesis:** - Evidence is sought to determine whether seeds excreted

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Do lizards play a role in spreading plant seeds? Some research carried out in South Africa would suggest so. Researchers on a study collected 400 seeds of a particular type of fig, 100 of which were from each treatment: lizard dung, bird dung, rock hyrax dung, and uneaten figs. They planted these seeds in batches of 5, and for each group of 5 they recorded how many of the seeds germinated. This resulted in 20 observations for each treatment. The treatment means and standard deviations are given in the accompanying table. Treatment Uneaten figs 20 2.50 0.29 Lizard dung 20 2.40 0.32 Bird dung 20 1.80 0.35 Hуrах dung 20 1.40 0.29 (a) Construct the appropriate ANOVA table. (Use technology. Round your answers to three decimal places.) Degrees of freedom Source of Sum of Mean F Ratio F Prob variation squares squares Between Groups

Do lizards play a role in spreading plant seeds? Some research carried out in South Africa would suggest so. Researchers on a study collected 400 seeds of a particular type of fig, 100 of which were from each treatment: lizard dung, bird dung, rock hyrax dung, and uneaten figs. They planted these seeds in batches of 5, and for each group of 5 they recorded how many of the seeds germinated. This resulted in 20 observations for each treatment. The treatment means and standard deviations are given in the accompanying table. Treatment Uneaten figs 20 2.50 0.29 Lizard dung 20 2.40 0.32 Bird dung 20 1.80 0.35 Hуrах dung 20 1.40 0.29 (a) Construct the appropriate ANOVA table. (Use technology. Round your answers to three decimal places.) Degrees of freedom Source of Sum of Mean F Ratio F Prob variation squares squares Between Groups

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

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Contingency Table

A contingency table can be defined as the visual representation of the relationship between two or more categorical variables that can be evaluated and registered. It is a categorical version of the scatterplot, which is used to investigate the linear relationship between two variables. A contingency table is indeed a type of frequency distribution table that displays two variables at the same time.

Binomial Distribution

Binomial is an algebraic expression of the sum or the difference of two terms. Before knowing about binomial distribution, we must know about the binomial theorem.

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Question

**Title: The Role of Lizards in Seed Germination: An ANOVA Analysis**

**Introduction:**

Research conducted in South Africa examined whether lizards play a crucial role in the dispersal and germination of plant seeds. A study gathered 400 seeds of a particular type, with 100 seeds subjected to each of four different treatments: lizard dung, bird dung, rock hyrax dung, and uneaten figs. The seeds were planted in batches of 5, and seed germination was observed for each treatment, resulting in 20 observations per treatment.

**Data Summary:**

- **Uneaten figs:** Mean = 2.50, Standard Deviation = 0.29
- **Lizard dung:** Mean = 2.40, Standard Deviation = 0.32
- **Bird dung:** Mean = 1.80, Standard Deviation = 0.25
- **Hyrax dung:** Mean = 1.40, Standard Deviation = 0.23

**ANOVA Analysis (Part a):**

The goal is to test if there is a statistically significant difference in the mean number of seeds germinating among the four treatments using ANOVA at a 0.05 significance level.

1. **Hypotheses:**

- **Null Hypothesis (H₀):** The means of all treatments are equal (μ₁ = μ₂ = μ₃ = μ₄).
- **Alternative Hypotheses:**
- All four means are different.
- At least one treatment has a different mean from the others.
- Various combinations of differing means.

2. **ANOVA Table Structure:**

- **Source of Variation:** Between Groups and Within Group
- **Degrees of Freedom, Sum of Squares, Mean Squares, F Ratio, F Prob:** These fields are set up to input calculated values to conduct ANOVA.

**Conclusion for Part a:**

- The conclusion is based on whether the calculated F statistic and P-value support the rejection of the null hypothesis, indicating significant differences in germination means.

**Statistical Significance Testing (Part b):**

The study further investigates if seeds excreted by lizards have a higher germination rate than those excreted by birds using a T-K confidence interval with a critical value of q = 3.72.

1. **Hypothesis:**

- Evidence is sought to determine whether seeds excreted

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