Dna is composed of a phosphate back bone, a sugar and four nitrogenous bases. Of the following bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine; which are the hydrogen bond donors and which are the acceptors?

Dna is composed of a phosphate back bone, a sugar and four nitrogenous bases. Of the following bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine; which are the hydrogen bond donors and which are the acceptors?

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter9: Gene Expression And Gene Regulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14QP: How many kilobases of the DNA strand below will code for the protein product?

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Concept explainers

DNA and RNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is usually called the blueprint of life. Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide that has a key function in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. One less oxygen-containing hydroxyl group occurs in deoxyribose sugar. Nucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, is one of the natural components. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double-stranded molecule. Watson and Crick postulated the double-stranded model of the helix. A deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecular group that carries and transmits genetic information from parents to offspring. All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are involved.

DNA as the Genetic Material

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long polymeric nucleic acid molecule discovered in the late 1930s. It is a polymer; a long chain-like molecule made up of several monomers connected in a sequence. It possesses certain characteristics that qualify it as a genetic component. Certain organisms have different types of nucleic acids as their genetic material - DNA or RNA.

Genetics

The significant branch in science which involves the study of genes, gene variations, and the organism's heredity is known as genetics. It is also used to study the involvement of a gene or set of genes in the health of an individual and how it prevents several diseases in a human being. Thus, genetics also creates an understanding of various medical conditions.

DNA Replication

The mechanism by which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is capable of producing an exact copy of its own is defined as DNA replication. The DNA molecules utilize a semiconservative method for replication.

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What type of chemical bond forms between the phosphate molecule of one nucleotide and the deoxyribose sugar molecule of another nucleotide as DNA is synthesized?
Name the four nitrogenous bases that form a DNA molecule.
In DNA the nucleic acid bases form hydrogen bonds between them, which are responsible for the formation of the double-stranded helix. A hydrogen bond donor is defined as any hydrogen atom that can participate in a hydrogen bond, whereas a hydrogen bond acceptor is defined as any atom that can “receive” that hydrogen atom to form a hydrogen bond. How many hydrogen bond acceptors does guanine (shown below) have? a) 3, b) 5 c) 4 d) 6 e) 7
Which of the following combinations is nucleotide molecule? The nitrogenous base uracil bonded to ribose and phosphate complemented with the addition of a water molecule A nucleoside resulting from the dehydration reaction between two phosphates, glycerol, and an unsaturated fatty acid. The DNA backbone consisting of three phosphate groups, a 5-carbon nitrogenous base, and a nitrogen-containing sugar residue An ATP molecule is formed by combining adenine, ribose, and three inorganic phosphate groups
List the DNA bases that will complementary base pair with the following sequence: A-G-C-T-A-C-G
An RNA molecule has the following percentages of bases: A = 27%, U = 38%, C=20%, G = 15%. (A) Is this RNA molecule single-stranded or double stranded? How can you tell? (B) What would be the percentage of each of the bases in the template strand of the DNA that contains the gene for this RNA?
Hydrolysis of the N-glycosyl bond between deoxyribose and a purine base in DNA creates an apurinic (AP) site. An AP site is more thermodynamically destabilizing to a DNA molecule than is a mismatched base pair. Examine the structure of an AP site. H₂N HN N O™ -O-P-O-CH₂ Guanine H₂N N HN Select the chemical consequences that could contribute to DNA instability at AP sites. H H 1₂0/ H fewer hydrogen bonds between the unpaired pyrimidine base and water disruption of the base-stacking interactions decreased interaction between the mutated DNA strand and histones increased ability of the deoxyribose ring to open without the attachment of the purine base H H Guanosine residue (in DNA) O™ -O-P-O-CH₂ O H H H O Apurinic residue H OH H
RNA differs from DNA in that: a) The ribose in RNA nucleotides contains fewer oxygen atoms than does deoxyribose DNA nucleotides. b) It is always single stranded and cannot form base pairs. c) It contains the nucleotide uracil, which pairs with thymine. d) It is single-stranded but can fold into a variety of structures, some of which are double-stranded. e) RNA can only be found in the cytoplasm whereas DNA can only be found in the nucleus.
In the DNA double-helix structure, the larger of the two grooves formed by the helical twist where certain base pairs are exposed is called the:
Which part of a deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) molecule provides the energy for DNA synthesis?
According to Chargaff's rule of nitrogenous base pairing, which of the following statements is correct? If all adenine bonds to thymine and all cytosine pairs with guanine, then the sum of all adenine will never be equal to the sum of all thymine in a DNA molecule. If all adenine bonds to thymine and all cytosine pairs with guanine, then the sum of all adenine will never be equal to the sum of all thymine in an RNA molecule. If all adenine bonds to thymine and all cytosine pairs with guanine, then the sum of all adenine equals the sum of all thymine in a DNA molecule. If all adenine bonds to uracil and all cytosine pairs with guanine, then the sum of all adenine will never be equal to the sum of all uracil in an RNA molecule.
Describe the process by which pyrimidine nucleotides are produced.