Distinguish among the shelf break, submarine canyons, midocean ridges, abyssal plains, abyssal hills, seamounts, and deep-sea trenches by drawing a sketch map that identifies their topography, water depths, relief, and relative locations. (refer to pictures below)  2. Review the evidence for continental drift and explain how global plate tectonics provided a mechanism for the drift of continents.

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
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ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
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Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
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1. Distinguish among the shelf break, submarine canyons, midocean ridges, abyssal plains, abyssal hills, seamounts, and deep-sea trenches by drawing a sketch map that identifies their topography, water depths, relief, and relative locations. (refer to pictures below) 

2. Review the evidence for continental drift and explain how global plate tectonics provided a mechanism for the drift of continents.

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Invitation to Oceanography, Eighth Edition
Paul R. Pinet, PhD
Feature
(c) MIDOCEAN RIDGE 4
TABLE 2-1 Dimensions of Bathymetric Features
Continental shelf
Continental slope
0
Continental rise
FIGURE 2-3C The flanks and crests of the midocean ridges are offset by a system of fractures.
Submarine canyon
Deep-sea trench
Abyssal hills
Seamounts
2 layers
Width
<300 km
<150 km
<300 km
Sediment
1-15 km
30-100 km
100-100,000 m (100 km)
2-100 km
1-1,000 km
500-1,500 km
Oceanic
ridge
Oceanic crust
500-1,000 km
Relief
<20 m
Locally >2 km
<40 m
20-2,000 m
>2 km
1-1,000 m
>1,000 m
0
<1 km
Fracture
zone
<2 km
Typical Dimensions
Water Depth
<150 m
1.5-5 km
Drops from 100+
2,000 + m
20-2,000 m
Variable
5,000-12,000 m
Variable
km
100
Rift
valley
Abyssal plains
Midocean ridge flank
Midocean ridge crest
*A bottom gradient of 1:1,000 means that the slope rises 1 m vertically across a horizontal distance of 1,000 m.
Data from Heezen, B. C., and Wilson, L. 1968. "Submarine Geomorphology," in Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, Fairbridge, R. W. (ed.). New York: Reinhold; and Ollier, C. D. 1981. Tectonics and Landforms. New York:
Longman.
>3 km
>3 km
2-4 km
Bottom Gradient
<1:1,000 (-0.5°)*
-1:40 (3-6°)
200
1:1,000-1:700 (0.5°-1°)
<1:40 (3-6°)
1:1,000-1:10,000 (<0.5°)
Transcribed Image Text:Invitation to Oceanography, Eighth Edition Paul R. Pinet, PhD Feature (c) MIDOCEAN RIDGE 4 TABLE 2-1 Dimensions of Bathymetric Features Continental shelf Continental slope 0 Continental rise FIGURE 2-3C The flanks and crests of the midocean ridges are offset by a system of fractures. Submarine canyon Deep-sea trench Abyssal hills Seamounts 2 layers Width <300 km <150 km <300 km Sediment 1-15 km 30-100 km 100-100,000 m (100 km) 2-100 km 1-1,000 km 500-1,500 km Oceanic ridge Oceanic crust 500-1,000 km Relief <20 m Locally >2 km <40 m 20-2,000 m >2 km 1-1,000 m >1,000 m 0 <1 km Fracture zone <2 km Typical Dimensions Water Depth <150 m 1.5-5 km Drops from 100+ 2,000 + m 20-2,000 m Variable 5,000-12,000 m Variable km 100 Rift valley Abyssal plains Midocean ridge flank Midocean ridge crest *A bottom gradient of 1:1,000 means that the slope rises 1 m vertically across a horizontal distance of 1,000 m. Data from Heezen, B. C., and Wilson, L. 1968. "Submarine Geomorphology," in Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, Fairbridge, R. W. (ed.). New York: Reinhold; and Ollier, C. D. 1981. Tectonics and Landforms. New York: Longman. >3 km >3 km 2-4 km Bottom Gradient <1:1,000 (-0.5°)* -1:40 (3-6°) 200 1:1,000-1:700 (0.5°-1°) <1:40 (3-6°) 1:1,000-1:10,000 (<0.5°)
(a) CONTINENTAL MARGIN
FIGURE 2-3A The continental margin.
5-
10
Deep-sea
trench
토
0
2
Submarine
volcanoes
Sediment
layers
FIGURE 2-3B The floor of the deep-ocean basin
Continental crust
Shelf
0
Abyssal Abyssal
plain
hills
Oceanic crust
Submarine Shelf
canyon
break
0
Sediment layers
km
100
Guyot
km
100
Slope
Seamounts
200
Rise
200
(b) DEEP-OCEAN BASIN
Transcribed Image Text:(a) CONTINENTAL MARGIN FIGURE 2-3A The continental margin. 5- 10 Deep-sea trench 토 0 2 Submarine volcanoes Sediment layers FIGURE 2-3B The floor of the deep-ocean basin Continental crust Shelf 0 Abyssal Abyssal plain hills Oceanic crust Submarine Shelf canyon break 0 Sediment layers km 100 Guyot km 100 Slope Seamounts 200 Rise 200 (b) DEEP-OCEAN BASIN
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