Discuss with its main lines the paradigmatic change experienced in the Industrial Revolutions in the field of Technology and Industry. please explaşn with lots detail.
Discuss with its main lines the paradigmatic change experienced in the Industrial Revolutions in the field of Technology and Industry. please explaşn with lots detail.
Eighteenth-century saw a period of growth, expansion, and transformation in agriculture, trade, commerce, and industry. Industrialization started gaining momentum during the second half of the eighteenth century, with England leading the way. The earlier economies sustained themselves on agriculture and handicrafts. The basis of economies now shifted to large-scale industry, mechanized manufacturing, and the factory system.
Explanation
Before the Industrial Revolution, chief sources of power were human, animal labor, wind, and water. They had various limitations ranging from capacity to reliability. New raw materials like coal and steel and new power technological sources like steam, petroleum, and electricity provided the solution.
James Watt, in 1781, invented a new type of steam engine; this discovery changed the traditional working system. The steam engine powered machines in factories, and now factories could be located anywhere.
Factories and machines produced goods in bulks. They replaced the earlier system of handicrafts, mass production of goods allowed to save time and money. With its large-scale production, the mechanized industry made goods accessible and affordable to many people, enhancing the wealth and quality of life.
Electricity allowed factories to be open for longer hours, increasing the quantity of produced goods. The largest number of technological innovations occurred in the textile industry. With the spinning jenny and spinning mule, production costs drastically declined, giving way to the modern factory system. Other inventions like the Cotton gin by Eli Whitney and the sewing machine by Elias Howe introduced mass-scale production.
The earlier communication system was slow and costly. The ability to communicate across long distances increased with the coming of the electrical telegraph in 1844. Alexander Graham Bell’s invention of telephones changed the face of communication.
The earlier transportation systems relied on animals, making this system difficult and slow. A large number of raw materials and finished goods required an improved transportation method—steamboats developed by Robert Fulton in 1807 carried goods and passengers, reducing time and saving substantial transportation costs. Trains proved to be the most crucial transportation mode during the Industrial revolution—Transcontinental Railroad, completed in 1869 and ran across the United States.
The Industrial revolution boosted economic growth, productivity and raised living standards. The paradigm shift came with the spread of innovations.
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