**Analytical Methods for Air Pollutant Analysis****Introduction:**This section will discuss the five analytical methods by which air pollutants are analyzed. We will cover the basic working principles of each method and provide examples of air pollutants that can be analyzed with these methods.**1. Gravimetric Analysis:****Principle:** Gravimetric analysis involves collecting and weighing particulate matter from a known volume of air.**Example:** Dust and particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5).**2. Gas Chromatography (GC):****Principle:** GC separates volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based on their different volatilities and chemical properties as they pass through a chromatographic column.**Example:** Benzene, toluene, xylene.**3. Infrared Spectroscopy (IR):****Principle:** IR spectroscopy measures the absorption of infrared light by molecules, providing specific absorption peaks useful for identifying and quantifying gases.**Example:** Carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2).**4. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS):****Principle:** AAS measures the concentration of metal pollutants in the air by detecting the absorption of light by free atoms.**Example:** Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg).**5. Chemiluminescence:****Principle:** Chemiluminescence involves measuring the light emitted during a chemical reaction, often used to detect nitrogen oxides.**Example:** Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric oxide (NO).

Analysing air pollutants is crucial for assessing air quality and understanding environmental…

Discuss the five analytical methods by which the air pollutants are analysed. Each method should be discussed for the basic working principle and example of air pollutants that can be analysed with that method.

Discuss the five analytical methods by which the air pollutants are analysed. Each method should be discussed for the basic working principle and example of air pollutants that can be analysed with that method.

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Construction is the combination of art, science, and engineering to build buildings, bridges, structures, roadways, highways. airports, etc. The construction business is a challenging and promising business worldwide with certain risk factors involved. Increasing demand for mankind leads to the growth of several construction companies which specialize in different construction projects. These construction companies initiate their construction process under certain agreements and time durations called the construction contract.

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**Analytical Methods for Air Pollutant Analysis**

**Introduction:**
This section will discuss the five analytical methods by which air pollutants are analyzed. We will cover the basic working principles of each method and provide examples of air pollutants that can be analyzed with these methods.

**1. Gravimetric Analysis:**
**Principle:** Gravimetric analysis involves collecting and weighing particulate matter from a known volume of air.
**Example:** Dust and particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5).

**2. Gas Chromatography (GC):**
**Principle:** GC separates volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based on their different volatilities and chemical properties as they pass through a chromatographic column.
**Example:** Benzene, toluene, xylene.

**3. Infrared Spectroscopy (IR):**
**Principle:** IR spectroscopy measures the absorption of infrared light by molecules, providing specific absorption peaks useful for identifying and quantifying gases.
**Example:** Carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2).

**4. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS):**
**Principle:** AAS measures the concentration of metal pollutants in the air by detecting the absorption of light by free atoms.
**Example:** Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg).

**5. Chemiluminescence:**
**Principle:** Chemiluminescence involves measuring the light emitted during a chemical reaction, often used to detect nitrogen oxides.
**Example:** Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric oxide (NO).

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