Q: Most forms of albinism are inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Using a Punnett square,…
A: Melanin is the pigment that provides colour to the hair, skin, and eyes. Albinism is a genetic…
Q: Define the theory of blending inheritance and also compare it with preformationism.
A: The pattern of inheritance describes the pattern of gene transfer from parents to offspring. Since…
Q: Describe the differences between an incompletely dominant trait and a codominant trait.
A: Codominant and incompletely dominant characteristics are a few instances of patterns of inheritance…
Q: 1)What is a test-cross? 2)Why might a geneticist need to do a test-cross and how are the results…
A:
Q: Explain why most loss-of-function alleles (hypomorphic or amorphic) are recessive to wild-type…
A: Recessive mutations inactive the affected gene and lead to loss- of -function.recessive mutations…
Q: Describe how traits can exhibit incomplete penetrance and vary in their expressivity.
A: Some traits result from the interaction of different genes and can also be influenced by their…
Q: Discuss the differences among sex-influenced, sex-limited, andsex-linked inheritance. Give examples.
A: Ans: The inheritance is referred to as the process in which one individual or class of individual…
Q: In a multigenerational study of a family, 8% of the males and 8% of the females have red hair. What…
A: answer is A. Autosomal inheritance
Q: explain how polygenic inheritance and environmental influences combine to produce nearly continuous…
A: "Polygenic inheritance" includes the expression of many characters from different genes due to the…
Q: Briefly explain how the number of genes influencing a polygenic trait can be determined.
A: Polygenic traits are controlled by more than one gene. The gene may be located on same chromosomes…
Q: Briefly discuss Mendelian Inheritance with that of crossing-over.
A: The Mendelian genetics gives us idea about the inheritance of genetic materials from the parents to…
Q: Define epistasis, pleiotropy, and polygenic inherance and give each. an example of
A: The nonadaptive evolution is defined as any change in allele frequency that does not lead a…
Q: Discuss the concept of multifactorial inheritance, and include two examples.
A: Multifactorial inheritance involves the influence of both multiple genes and multiple environmental…
Q: What is polygenic inheritance? Discuss the issues that make polygenicinheritance difficult to study.
A: A polygene is a member of non epistatic genes group.It interacts to influence a phenotypic…
Q: Skin color in humans is determined by polygenic inheritance, which means the more dominant alleles…
A: Polygenic inheritance: - in this inheritance, more than one genes control the single characteristic.…
Q: Describe the concept of the extended phenotype. Can you think of a trait that you consider to be…
A: The extended phenotype refers to the idea that an organism's genes can influence not only its own…
Q: Is the inheritance pattern indicated by the shaded symbols in this pedigree consistent with the…
A: Pedigree is just like a family tree which determines how characters / traits are transmitted from…
Q: With regard to pedigree analysis, make a list of observations thatdistinguish recessive, dominant,…
A: Pedigree analysis is a diagrammatic representation used to determine the mode of inheritance of…
Q: Explain why disease alleles for cystic fibrosis (CF)are recessive to the normal alleles (CF+), yet…
A: Cystic fibrosis is caused by defects in a membrane-bound protein called cystic fibrosis…
Q: Distinguish among incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, epistasis, and polygenic…
A: The section of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) responsible for encoding a specific characteristic can be…
Q: For the following problems, please choose from the following modes of inheritance: autosomal…
A: Pedigree analysis: The inheritance of genes from the parents to offspring is shown using a pedigree…
Q: What is one-way genetic background can affect phenotypic expression?
A: Phenotypes are the characteristic traits expressed by an individual. Whereas genotype is the genetic…
Q: What is Polygenic Inheritance? A) When one gene has many effects
A: Polygenic inheritance --- Introduction -- There are some type of inheritance which do not follow the…
Q: Explain the following features of the Mendelian traits and fill the Punnet Squares. a)The…
A: Genetics is a study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in an organism. Living organisms…
Q: 1. In the pedigree below, Use "A" for the allele associated with the dominant phenotype, and…
A: A pedigree chart shows the inheritance pattern of a particular trait. Each row contains the…
Q: Given that 5 phenotypes of B, R, Y, G, and W are possible for a trait, the results of crossing…
A: In genetics, inheritance patterns are the ways in which genetic information is passed down from…
Q: Mendelian Genetics Consider blue eyes in a man as recessive to brown eyes. Show the expected…
A: A monohybrid cross is a cross that involves a single pair of contrasting traits of a character. A…
Discuss how polygenic inheritance makes possible many
variations of a trait.
![](/static/compass_v2/shared-icons/check-mark.png)
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
![Blurred answer](/static/compass_v2/solution-images/blurred-answer.jpg)
- Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. If Sarah carries the mutant cancer allele and Adam carries the mutant heart disease allele, what is the chance that they would have a child who is free of both diseases? Are these good odds?Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you want to know the results of the cancer, heart disease, and TSD tests if you were Sarah and Adam? Is it their responsibility as potential parents to gather this type of information before they decide to have a child?Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you decide to have a child if the test results said that you carry the mutation for breast and ovarian cancer? The heart disease mutation? The TSD mutation? The heart disease and the mutant alleles?
- Describe how traits can exhibit incomplete penetrance and vary in their expressivity.Describe the concept of the extended phenotype. Can you think of a trait that you consider to be your own that could perhaps be due to the genetics of another organism you’ve interacted with in your life?1)What is a test-cross? 2)Why might a geneticist need to do a test-cross and how are the results used todetermine the genotype of a specific phenotype? 3)What differences would you expect in inheritance patterns if a trait was sex-linked versus a non-sex-linked trait?
- explain how polygenic inheritance and environmental influences combine to produce nearly continuous variation in many phenotypes?Briefly explain how the number of genes influencing a polygenic trait can be determined.Mendelian Genetics Consider blue eyes in a man as recessive to brown eyes. Show the expected children of a marriage between a blue-eyed woman and brown-eyed man who had a blue-eyed mother. Determine the genotypic ratio (GR) and phenotypic ratio (PR) of the F1 using Punnett Square Method. Hint: Determine the genotypes of each individual first.
- One family is shown in both pedigrees below. Each pedigree focuses on a different monogenic, fully penetrant phenotype. Shaded individuals affected by Phenotype 1: 3 Shaded individuals affected by Phenotype 2: a. Phenotype 1: Which modes of inheritance can be ruled out, base don't this pedigree? For each mode of inheritance listed below, either state that it is not ruled out, or describe a detail of the pedigree that allows you to rule it out. Autosomal recessive Autosomal dominant X-linked recessive X-linked dominant Y-linked b. Phenotype 2: Which modes of inheritance can be ruled out, base don't this pedigree? For each mode of inheritance listed below, either state that it is not ruled out, or describe a detail of the pedigree that allows you to rule it out. Autosomal recessive Autosomal dominant X-linked recessive X-linked dominantX‑linked, recessive diseases, such as hemophilia, are extremely rare in the population. However, many women are carriers and show no sign of the disease. The pedigree illustrates the inheritance of an X‑linked, recessive disease. Determine whether the unknown individuals are affected by the disease, unaffected by the disease, or carriers of the X‑linked recessive allele. Unaffected individuals are not carriers of the X‑linked recessive allele.Consider the following cross examining four gene in two parental line: Parent 1: A/a; B/B; D/d; E/e Parent 2: A/a; B/b; d/d; e/e Assuming independent assortment for the four genes, what fraction of progeny will be phenotypically identical to either parent 1 or parent 2? (Hint: first figure out the fraction of progeny that resembles parent 1 and parent 2 separately, then get the overall fraction.) 3/8 3/4 3/16 1/16 9/16
![Biology (MindTap Course List)](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781337392938/9781337392938_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co…](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305251052/9781305251052_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Human Biology (MindTap Course List)](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305112100/9781305112100_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Biology (MindTap Course List)](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781337392938/9781337392938_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co…](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305251052/9781305251052_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Human Biology (MindTap Course List)](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305112100/9781305112100_smallCoverImage.gif)