Discuss briefly the role of (a) 10% hydrochloric acid (b) 10% Na2CO3, and (c) anhydrous Na2SO4 in the isolation of alkaloid.
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- The authors have used a chiral HPLC column (separating phase) to analyze compounds 4 and 5. Briefly describe a) the way a chiral HPLC column works to separate natural products of the Actinopyrone family and b) briefly comment on the general applicability of chiral HPLC columns in natural products research.Propose reagents for the conversion of (B) to (C).Succinic acid is produced by Actinobacillus succinogenes with the following medium composition (g/L): glucose, 50; yeast extract, 5; NaCl, l; Na2HPO4, 0.3; NaH2PO4, 1.4; K2HPO4, 1.5; MgC12.6H20, 0.2; CaC12.2H20, 0.23. The pH is controlled and maintained at 3.63. Estimate the range of upper limit, if 0.8% of deadband is applied. With a schematic diagram, explain how to maintain the pH throughout the fermentation process.
- A decapeptide was isolated from a thermophilic bacteria. Treatment of this peptide with 2- mercaptoethanol gave 2 pentapeptides. Further analysis of this peptide gave the following data: Trypsin: (M,Y), (K,Y,M), (K, 2A, 2C) Chymotrypsin: (2K, 2A, 2C, Y), (M), (Y,M) What is the primary structure of the decapeptide? Thank you.Calculate the amount of phycocyanin in Sample 1 in mg where A620=0.211 and A650=0.086, taking into account the dilution factor (100), and the total volume of extract (140).Determine the primary structure of pentadecapeptide X, based on the following results. A). Reagent: merchapthoethanol Released two fragments, namely: 1. pentapeptide (Y), amino acid composition: cys, phe, ser, thr, val 2. decapeptide (Z), amino acid composition: ala(2), cys, leu, lys, phe, pro, tyr, B). Process: Edman Degradation 1. Nt of peptide Y is ser, 2. Nt of peptide Z is ala. C). Enzyme: Carboxypeptidase A 1. val was released from peptide Y; 2. no amino acid was released from peptide Z D). Enzyme: Chymotrypsin 1. peptide Y released two fragments with the following amino acid composition. (phe, ser, thr) (cys, val) 2. peptide Z released three fragments with the following amino acid composition 3. val(2) (ala [2], tyr) 10 (cys, phe) (leu, lys, val, pro, val) E). Enzyme: trypsin peptide Z released two fragments with the following amino acid composition ala (2), cys, leu, lys, phe, tyr val (2), pro
- do aklaloids minic neutrotransmitters in our bidy? amines contain: a) nitrogen atom b) an acid c) carbonyl group d) none which is wrong; a) Amines with less than 6 carbons are sokuble in h2o b) ammonium salte are ionic therefore soluble in h2o c) solubility of an amine can be changed treatment with base d) quaternary ammonium salts have nitrogen bonded to four alkyl groups and are used for drugs1. Give the significance of the following in the biosynthesis of shikimate derivatives: a) chorismic acid b) prephenic acid c) cinnamic acid d) benzoic acida) What are the differences between the synthetically prepared hydroxyapatite and biologically derived hydroxyapatite? b) How do you define porous and dense hydroxyapatite? Please explain the differences? c) What is the importance of Ca/P ratio? Give example.
- Explain what indole alkaloids are. And describe the significance of vinflunine.From the SDS for 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, what does the Hazard Code H317 refer to? 1) Skin sensitisation (Category 1) 2) Explosive; mass explosive hazard 3) Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated O 4) May cause drowsiness or dizzinessGive the pharmacological property of the following alkaloids. Where do they naturally occur? morphine quinine berberine What are the chemical tests used in identifying alkaloids?