Did Zampelas et al. (2005) perform a post hoc analysis in their study?  If so which one?  Provide a rationale.  When is a post hoc analysis performed?  The Bonferroni correction involves reducing the alpha as a basis for comparison with the study results. In this study how many comparisons are they making?  What would the adjusted alpha be if using the Bonferroni correction?  Show your work.

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Based on the table attached:

  1. Did Zampelas et al. (2005) perform a post hoc analysis in their study?  If so which one?  Provide a rationale. 
  2. When is a post hoc analysis performed? 
  3. The Bonferroni correction involves reducing the alpha as a basis for comparison with the study results. In this study how many comparisons are they making?  What would the adjusted alpha be if using the Bonferroni correction?  Show your work.  
  4. Did the authors note any differences in gender with regard to fish consumption and inflammatory markers? What does this result mean? 
  5. When compared with the non-fish consumers, those who consumed >300 g of fish per week had on average ____% lower CRP. Was this result significant?  How do you know? 
  6. What was the value of Amyloid A (mg/dl) for the group that made up the largest percentage of the sample? How much fish did this group consume? 
  7. Do the study findings have implications for health care? If so what are they?  Provide a rationale for your answer. 
**Table 2. Inflammatory Markers and Daily Fish Consumption**

This table presents data on the relationship between fish consumption and various inflammatory markers in a sample population. The participants are divided into four groups based on their weekly fish consumption: no fish, less than 150 grams, 150 to 300 grams, and more than 300 grams per week.

**Columns:**

1. **No. of Participants (%)**
   - No fish: 319 (11%)
   - <150 g/week: 1,719 (56%)
   - 150-300 g/week: 745 (24%)
   - >300 g/week: 259 (9%)

2. **C-reactive protein (mg/l)**
   - No fish: 2.7 ± 1.2
   - <150 g/week: 2.0 ± 1.1ƚ 
   - 150-300 g/week: 2.0 ± 2.1ƚ 
   - >300 g/week: 1.8 ± 1.1‡
   - p Value: 0.004

3. **Interleukin-6 (ng/ml)**
   - No fish: 1.5 ± 0.5
   - <150 g/week: 1.3 ± 0.6‡
   - 150-300 g/week: 1.2 ± 1.1†
   - >300 g/week: 1.0 ± 0.3‡
   - p Value: 0.03

4. **Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (mg/dl)**
   - No fish: 5.3 ± 3.2
   - <150 g/week: 5.1 ± 2.0†
   - 150-300 g/week: 4.7 ± 3.7‡
   - >300 g/week: 4.2 ± 2.7‡
   - p Value: <0.001

5. **Amyloid A (mg/dl)**
   - No fish: 6.4 ± 4
   - <150 g/week: 5.9 ± 2†
   - 150-300 g/week: 5.1 ± 2.4†
   - >300 g/week: 4.6 ± 3‡
   - p
Transcribed Image Text:**Table 2. Inflammatory Markers and Daily Fish Consumption** This table presents data on the relationship between fish consumption and various inflammatory markers in a sample population. The participants are divided into four groups based on their weekly fish consumption: no fish, less than 150 grams, 150 to 300 grams, and more than 300 grams per week. **Columns:** 1. **No. of Participants (%)** - No fish: 319 (11%) - <150 g/week: 1,719 (56%) - 150-300 g/week: 745 (24%) - >300 g/week: 259 (9%) 2. **C-reactive protein (mg/l)** - No fish: 2.7 ± 1.2 - <150 g/week: 2.0 ± 1.1ƚ - 150-300 g/week: 2.0 ± 2.1ƚ - >300 g/week: 1.8 ± 1.1‡ - p Value: 0.004 3. **Interleukin-6 (ng/ml)** - No fish: 1.5 ± 0.5 - <150 g/week: 1.3 ± 0.6‡ - 150-300 g/week: 1.2 ± 1.1† - >300 g/week: 1.0 ± 0.3‡ - p Value: 0.03 4. **Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (mg/dl)** - No fish: 5.3 ± 3.2 - <150 g/week: 5.1 ± 2.0† - 150-300 g/week: 4.7 ± 3.7‡ - >300 g/week: 4.2 ± 2.7‡ - p Value: <0.001 5. **Amyloid A (mg/dl)** - No fish: 6.4 ± 4 - <150 g/week: 5.9 ± 2† - 150-300 g/week: 5.1 ± 2.4† - >300 g/week: 4.6 ± 3‡ - p
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