dH = (dQ)p. (3.4) %3D dQ = dU + P dV. (3.1) H = U + PV. (3.3) Show that enthalpy is simply heat exchanged at constant pressure, i.e., show that equa- tion (3.4) is valid if under constant pressure. (Hint: Differentiate equation (3.3) and sub- stitute for dU using equation (3.1)).
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- Calculate the concentration inside a membrane where the concentration outside is C1 =2 is AV =0.0480 Volts. Remember, the Boltzmann probability factor: moles m3 the temperature is T = 288 K and the voltage across the membrane %3D AE Z = e kRl , Boltzmann's constant is kR = 1.38 x 10 23 , and the moles m3 K charge on a proton is e + 1.6 x 10 1ºC. Express your answer in moles mole (note that 1000 = 1 Liter! %3D m3 Your Answer: Answer unitsA three-level laser emits a light of wavelength of 5500 Å. What will be the ratio of population of upper level (E2) to the lower level (E1) if the optical pumping mechanism is shut off (Assume T = 300 K)? At what temperature for the above condition the ratio of population will be half? [kB = 1.38 × 10-23 JK-1]I'm still having trouble understanding what this would mean in terms of accuracy and percision though. Would a relative error value of -30% mean that the exeriment is acurate and percise? or no?
- . Pure titanium has two allotropic forms: β-Ti (high temperature) and α-Ti (low temperature). For equilibrium heating conditions, the low-temperature αphase transforms to the high-temperature β phase at 883 °C (1156K),a) Calculate the critical radius r* and the activation free energy ΔG* for a body-centered cubic beta phase nucleus in a superheated alpha titanium matrix at 1165 K. Assume a spherical nucleus (homogeneous nucleation), ΔGv(1165 K) = - 0.095 J/m3, and σsl = γ = 0.2 J/m2 .b) Given your answer in part (a), explain why nucleation of the β phase is unlikely to occur if you heat the titanium to 1165 K. What can you do to make nucleation more likely to occur?Problem 2.3. Suppose you flip 50 fair coins. (a) How many possible outcomes (microstates) are there? (b) How many ways are there of getting exactly 25 heads and 25 tails? (c) What is the probability of getting exactly 25 heads and 25 tails? (d) What is the probability of getting exactly 30 heads and 20 tails? (e) What is the probability of getting exactly 40 heads and 10 tails? (f) What is the probability of getting 50 heads and no tails? (g) Plot a graph of the probability of getting n heads, as a function of n.from 7/2 to TI from (–10) to (10) (2a) The average of f(x) = cos(3x) (2b) The average of f(x) = x² (2c) The average of f(x) = 2x sin(x) (2d) The average of f(x) = 3x from 0 to ↑ %3D from (-3) to (3)
- Ex 4.11 Consider silicon at T = 300 K. Calculate the thermal-equilibrium electron and hole concentrations for impurity concentrations of (a) Na = 4 X 1016 cm, Na = 8 X 1015 cm-3 and (b) Na = Na = 3 X 1015 cm-3.5-1. The electron-neutral collision cross section for 2-eV electrons in He is about 6rab, where ao =0.53 x 10 cm is the radius of the first Bohr orbit of the hydrogen atom. A positive column with no magnetic feld has p = 1 Torr of He (at room temperature) and KT, = 2 eV. %3D (a) Compute the electron diffusion coefficient in m/sec, assuming that o averaged over the velocity distribution is equal to ou for 2-eV electrons.. (b) If the current density along column is 2 kA/m and the plasma density is 10 m, what is the electric field along the colurnn?I need the answer as soon as possible
- For a 40 wt.% Sn60 wt.% Pb alloy at 150\deg C, (a) what phase(s) is (are) present? (b) What is (are) the composition(s) of the phase(s)? (c) What is (are) the relative amount of the phase(s) in terms of mass fraction?The following (Attached image) is an external quantum efficiency of a CZTS solar cell with structure Glass/Mo/CZTS/CdS/AZO/Ag. The ideal QE curve would be a rectangle (red curve). The experimental QE is much less than the ideal one because of losses at different regions outlined 1, 2, 3 and 4. Please explain what are those losses.5