Determining Diet. One method for determining the amount of corn in early Native American diets is the stable isotope ratio analysis (SIRA) technique. As corn photosynthesizes, it concentrates the isotope carbon-13, whereas most other plants concentrate carbon-12. Overreliance on corn consumption can then be correlated with certain diseases, because corn lacks the essential amino acid lysine. Archaeologists use a mass spectrometer to separate the 12C and 13C isotopes in samples of human remains. Suppose you use a velocity selector to obtain singly ionized (missing one electron) atoms of speed 8.50 km /s, and you want to bend them within a uniform magnetic field in a semicircle of diameter 25.0 cm for the 12C. The measured masses of these isotopes are 1.99 * 10-26 kg (12C) and 2.16 * 10-26 kg (13C). (a) What strength of magnetic field is required? (b) What is the diameter of the 13C semicircle? (c) What is the separation of the 12C and 13C ions at the detector at the end of the semicircle? Is this distance large enough to be easily observed?
Atomic Structure
The basic structure of an atom is defined as the component-level of atomic structure of an atom. Precisely speaking an atom consists of three major subatomic particles which are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Many theories have been stated for explaining the structure of an atom.
Shape of the D Orbital
Shapes of orbitals are an approximate representation of boundaries in space for finding electrons occupied in that respective orbital. D orbitals are known to have a clover leaf shape or dumbbell inside where electrons can be found.
Determining Diet. One method for determining the amount of corn in early Native American diets is the stable isotope ratio analysis (SIRA) technique. As corn photosynthesizes, it concentrates the isotope carbon-13, whereas most other plants concentrate carbon-12. Overreliance on corn consumption can then be correlated with certain diseases, because corn lacks the essential amino acid lysine. Archaeologists use a mass spectrometer to separate the 12C and 13C isotopes in samples of human remains. Suppose you use a velocity selector to obtain singly ionized (missing one electron) atoms of speed 8.50 km /s, and you want to bend them within a uniform magnetic field in a semicircle of diameter 25.0 cm for the 12C. The measured masses of these isotopes are 1.99 * 10-26 kg (12C) and 2.16 * 10-26 kg (13C). (a) What strength of magnetic field is required? (b) What is the diameter of the 13C semicircle? (c) What is the separation of the 12C and 13C ions at the detector at the end of the semicircle? Is this distance large enough to be easily observed?
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