Determine the equivalence classes of each equivalence relation below: (a) {(a, b) ∈ Z × Z : a ≡ b mod 2 ∧ a ≡ b mod 4} (b) {(x, y) ∈ R × R : x = y ∨ x = −y} (c) {(x, y) ∈ R × R : (x < 0 ∧ y < 0) ∨ (x ≥ 0 ∧ y ≥ 0)} (Z = the set of integers, R = the set of real numbers

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