Design the pavement for an expressway consisting of an asphalt concrete surface, a crushed-stone base, and a granular subbase using the 1993 AASHTO design chart (Figure 8.22). The cumulative ESAL in the design lane for a design period of 15 years is 7*10°. The area has a good quality drainage with 10% of the time the moisture level is approaching saturation. The effective roadbed soil resilient modulus is 7 Ksi, the subbase has a CBR value of 80, the resilient modulus of the base is 40 Ksi, and the resilient modulus of the asphalt concrete is 4.5 * 105 psi. Assume a reliability level of 95%, So of 0.45, Po of 4.6, and Pt of 3.0.

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Chemical and Phase Equilibrium

Phase diagrams or equilibrium phase diagrams are the graphical representations that show the phase transformations of the constituting elements with respect to the pressure, temperature, and compositions. The diagrams show the conditions that limit the different phases, namely solid, liquid, and gas. The diagram can also be utilized to verify the relations between the state variables. Most of the phase diagrams are temperature-pressure phase diagrams, with the variable parameter as the composition. Usually other variables such as solubility and pressure parameters are not indicated in the phase diagram. For a one-component system (unary phase diagram), the phase diagram is generally a function of temperature and pressure as the state variables, or temperature and volume. However, for a binary system (two-phase) having two components, the phase diagram is a function of temperature and composition as the state variables only. Coexisting of the different phases of the constituting elements is indicated in the phase diagram. A ternary phase diagram can be characterized by consisting of three phases in equilibrium.