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Describe the type of faulting you would expect to see at each of the following settings, including a sketch of the fault, and a fault plane solution (i.e. beachball) indicating where you might expect compressional and dilational first motions: a) a transform fault b) a fast-spreading mid-ocean ridge c) a continental collision zone What kind of focal mechanism might be associated with an underground mine collapse?

Describe the type of faulting you would expect to see at each of the following settings, including a sketch of the fault, and a fault plane solution (i.e. beachball) indicating where you might expect compressional and dilational first motions: a) a transform fault b) a fast-spreading mid-ocean ridge c) a continental collision zone What kind of focal mechanism might be associated with an underground mine collapse?

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1LR
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**Text from Educational Resource:** **Faulting Types and Focal Mechanisms** 1. **Transform Fault** - Transform faults are where two tectonic plates slide past one another. The fault is typically vertical, and the motion is horizontal. - Fault Plane Solution: Usually depicted as a "beachball" diagram showing a combination of compressional and extensional forces. Compressional first motions can be expected on one side of the fault while dilational (extensional) first motions occur on the other. - Sketch: Illustrate a vertical fault line with opposite arrows indicating horizontal movement of the plates. 2. **Fast-Spreading Mid-Ocean Ridge** - At mid-ocean ridges, tectonic plates are pulling apart, creating new oceanic crust. This setting often features normal faults due to tensional forces. - Fault Plane Solution: Beachball diagrams commonly show predominantly extensional first motions, indicating crustal separation. - Sketch: Show diverging lines with arrows pointing away from each other, representing the spreading plates. 3. **Continental Collision Zone** - These zones occur where two continental plates collide, resulting in compressional forces and thrust faulting. - Fault Plane Solution: Beachball diagrams reveal compressional first motions, typical of thrust or reverse faults. - Sketch: Illustrate converging lines with arrows pointing towards each other to represent the collision forces. **Focal Mechanism for Underground Mine Collapse** - An underground mine collapse often results in a localized inward motion, predominantly involving subsidence or cave-in events. - The focal mechanism may display dilational first motions in the surrounding areas due to material displacement toward the collapse point.
Transcribed Image Text:**Text from Educational Resource:** **Faulting Types and Focal Mechanisms** 1. **Transform Fault** - Transform faults are where two tectonic plates slide past one another. The fault is typically vertical, and the motion is horizontal. - Fault Plane Solution: Usually depicted as a "beachball" diagram showing a combination of compressional and extensional forces. Compressional first motions can be expected on one side of the fault while dilational (extensional) first motions occur on the other. - Sketch: Illustrate a vertical fault line with opposite arrows indicating horizontal movement of the plates. 2. **Fast-Spreading Mid-Ocean Ridge** - At mid-ocean ridges, tectonic plates are pulling apart, creating new oceanic crust. This setting often features normal faults due to tensional forces. - Fault Plane Solution: Beachball diagrams commonly show predominantly extensional first motions, indicating crustal separation. - Sketch: Show diverging lines with arrows pointing away from each other, representing the spreading plates. 3. **Continental Collision Zone** - These zones occur where two continental plates collide, resulting in compressional forces and thrust faulting. - Fault Plane Solution: Beachball diagrams reveal compressional first motions, typical of thrust or reverse faults. - Sketch: Illustrate converging lines with arrows pointing towards each other to represent the collision forces. **Focal Mechanism for Underground Mine Collapse** - An underground mine collapse often results in a localized inward motion, predominantly involving subsidence or cave-in events. - The focal mechanism may display dilational first motions in the surrounding areas due to material displacement toward the collapse point.
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