Describe the organization of the nervous system.Distinguish between the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Describe the cell body of a neuron.Distinguish among the functions of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons.Summarize the functions of each of the types of neuroglia (the exam will not ask about satellite cells) and describe how the myelin sheath is formed around a peripheral nervous system neuron.Explain why nerve impulse propagation is compromised in patients with multiple sclerosis.Distinguish between the composition of white matter and gray matter.Summarize neuron communication from the moment of receptor stimulation to the response of an effector, such as a muscle fiber, and define neurotransmitter, resting membrane potential, and current.Define electrochemical gradients and the term “polarized”, and describe the electrochemical basis of the resting membrane potential including the function of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential.Describe graded potentials including hyperpolarizing and depolarizing graded potentials.Describe action potentials (nerve impulses) including:ThresholdsAll-or-none principlePhases of action potential generationRefractory periodDescribe nerve impulse propagation including:Continuous and saltatory conductionFactors affecting impulse speed Encoding stimuli intensities Distinguish between graded potentials and action potentials. Describe synapses including:Components of a synapseHow information is transferred from one neuron to another across a chemical synapseExcitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials Summation of postsynaptic potentialsExplain the importance of neurotransmitter removal from the synaptic cleft and describe three removal mechanisms.Compare the ability of neurons in the PNS and CNS to repair.

Answered: Describe the organization of the…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Question

Describe the organization of the nervous system.
Distinguish between the functions of neurons and neuroglia.
Describe the cell body of a neuron.
Distinguish among the functions of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons.
Summarize the functions of each of the types of neuroglia (the exam will not ask about satellite cells) and describe how the myelin sheath is formed around a peripheral nervous system neuron.
Explain why nerve impulse propagation is compromised in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Distinguish between the composition of white matter and gray matter.
Summarize neuron communication from the moment of receptor stimulation to the response of an effector, such as a muscle fiber, and define neurotransmitter, resting membrane potential, and current.
Define electrochemical gradients and the term “polarized”, and describe the electrochemical basis of the resting membrane potential including the function of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential.
Describe graded potentials including hyperpolarizing and depolarizing graded potentials.
Describe action potentials (nerve impulses) including:

Thresholds
All-or-none principle
Phases of action potential generation
Refractory period

Describe nerve impulse propagation including:

Continuous and saltatory conduction
Factors affecting impulse speed
Encoding stimuli intensities

Distinguish between graded potentials and action potentials.

Describe synapses including:

Components of a synapse
How information is transferred from one neuron to another across a chemical synapse
Excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
Summation of postsynaptic potentials

Explain the importance of neurotransmitter removal from the synaptic cleft and describe three removal mechanisms.
Compare the ability of neurons in the PNS and CNS to repair.

Expert Solution

Step 1

Since there are multiple questions in this particular question, I'll answer the first three subparts for you. If the answers for the other parts are intended, please post the questions separately.

The nervous system of the body helps in carrying of the signals to the main organ of the body involved in the nerve impulses and from the organ to the acting part of the body.