Describe ONE evolutionary consequence of using insecticides to kill pests rather than  ultrasonic sound devices to disperse pests.

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Electronic pest control is the name given to several types of electrically powered devices 
designed to repel pests, such as insects. Ultrasonic devices have shown promise in repelling 
insect pest species. They emit short wavelength, high-frequency sound waves that can be 
detected by insects but are too high-pitched to be detected by humans. The following table shows 
the maximum end of the hearing range of frequencies detectable by various organisms (Table 1). 

To investigate the effectiveness of ultrasonic devices in dispersing pest insects, scientists 
collected data from two different regions.
 Region 1: a rural crop-growing region where insecticides are applied for crop protection
 Region 2: a protected nature reserve that is managed for conservation and research
Scientists measured the population density of insects in both regions before and after activating 
two different kinds of ultrasonic devices. The first ultrasonic device emitted sound at a frequency 
of 40 kHz and the second ultrasonic device emitted sound at a frequency of 48 kHz. The average 
population density of various pest species when exposed to the device that emitted sound at a 
frequency of 40 kHz is depicted in Table 2. The average population density of various pest 
species when exposed to the device that emitted sound at a frequency of 48 kHz is depicted in 
Table 3.

Describe ONE evolutionary consequence of using insecticides to kill pests rather than 
ultrasonic sound devices to disperse pests. 

Maximum Frequency Detectable
(kHz)
19
Species
Human
Dog
Bat
Grasshopper
Mosquito
Rat
44
200
50
44
72
Table 1. Maximum frequency of sound detectable by various species
Transcribed Image Text:Maximum Frequency Detectable (kHz) 19 Species Human Dog Bat Grasshopper Mosquito Rat 44 200 50 44 72 Table 1. Maximum frequency of sound detectable by various species
Region 1
Region 2
Standard
Deviation
(+1 St. Dev)
5
10
Table 2. Population density (organisms/m?) of pest species in regions 1 and 2 before and after
ultrasonic sound exposure at 40 kHz; standard deviation applies to both the before and after
After
Exposure
Before
After
Standard
Before
Species
Exposure
Exposure
Deviation
Exposure
Grasshopper
Mosquito
20
60
180
50
60
15
5
50
20
5
exposure values
Region 1
Region 2
Standard
Standard
Deviation
Before
After
Before
After
Species
Deviation
(+1 St. Dev)
5.
10
Exposure Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Grasshopper
Mosquito
Table 3. Population density (organisms/m?) of pest species in regions 1 and 2 before and after
ultrasonic sound exposure at 48 kHz; standard deviation applies to both the before and after
25
50
20
40
55
50
180
170
exposure values
Transcribed Image Text:Region 1 Region 2 Standard Deviation (+1 St. Dev) 5 10 Table 2. Population density (organisms/m?) of pest species in regions 1 and 2 before and after ultrasonic sound exposure at 40 kHz; standard deviation applies to both the before and after After Exposure Before After Standard Before Species Exposure Exposure Deviation Exposure Grasshopper Mosquito 20 60 180 50 60 15 5 50 20 5 exposure values Region 1 Region 2 Standard Standard Deviation Before After Before After Species Deviation (+1 St. Dev) 5. 10 Exposure Exposure Exposure Exposure Grasshopper Mosquito Table 3. Population density (organisms/m?) of pest species in regions 1 and 2 before and after ultrasonic sound exposure at 48 kHz; standard deviation applies to both the before and after 25 50 20 40 55 50 180 170 exposure values
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