Describe modifying epistasis. Modifying epistasis can be observed in the coat color of Dobermans. The doberman has two color genes: a black(B) and a color-dilution(D) gene. These two genes can create four different colors combinations in coat. Among the two color genes in the Doberman dogs, which one is the epistatic gene, and which one is the hypostatic gene. Why?

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Learning and memory

Learning is defined as a relatively permanent and irreversible adaptive change in behavior. It always results from experience. The ability of an organism to store and recall the effects, sensations, and knowledge gained through learning and experience is called memory.