Describe each of this system: craft production. Important note: please refer to the given lesson on the photo attached thank you
Describe each of this system: craft production. Important note: please refer to the given lesson on the photo attached thank you
Chapter1: Taking Risks And Making Profits Within The Dynamic Business Environment
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1CE
Related questions
Question
Describe each of this system: craft production.
Important note: please refer to the given lesson on the photo attached thank you
![THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
The Industrial Revolution began in the 1770s in England and spread to the rest of Europe
and to the United States during the nineteenth century. Prior to that time, goods were pro-
duced in small shops by craftsmen and their apprentices. Under that system, it was com-
mon for one person to be responsible for making a product, such as a horse-drawn wagon
or a piece of furniture, from start to finish. Only simple tools were available; the machines
that we use today had not been invented.
Then, a number of innovations changed the face of production forever by substituting
machine power for human power. Perhaps the most significant of these was the steam en-
gine, made practical by James Watt around 1764, because it provided a source of power
to operate machines in factories. James Hargreaves' spinning jenny (1770) and Edmund
Cartwright's power loom (1785) revolutionized the textile industry. Ample supplies of
coal and iron ore provided materials for generating power and making machinery. The
new machines, made of iron, were much stronger and more durable than the simple
wooden machines they replaced.
In the earliest days of manufacturing, goods were produced using craft production:
highly skilled workers using simple, flexible tools produced goods according to customer
specifications..
Craft production had major shortcomings. Because products were made by skilled
craftsmen who custom fitted parts, production was slow and costly. And when parts
failed, the replacements also had to be custom made, which was also slow and costly. An-
other shortcoming was that production costs did not decrease as volume increased; there
were no economies of scale, which would have provided a major incentive for companies
to expand. Instead, many small companies emerged, each with its own set of standards.
A major change occurred that gave the industrial revolution a boost: the development
of standard gauging systems. This greatly reduced the need for custom-made goods. Fac-
tories began to spring up and grow rapidly, providing jobs for countless people who were
attracted in large numbers from rural areas.
Despite the major changes that were taking place, management theory and practice had
not progressed much from early days. What was needed was an enlightened and more
systematic approach to management.
craft production System in
which highly skilled workers
use simple, flexible tools to
produce small quantities of
customized goods.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ff608078b-bc48-4e4b-9c9f-c617c467c653%2Fb0bfeff7-b1be-41dd-abc1-7e922db59d20%2F0g3xgmc_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
The Industrial Revolution began in the 1770s in England and spread to the rest of Europe
and to the United States during the nineteenth century. Prior to that time, goods were pro-
duced in small shops by craftsmen and their apprentices. Under that system, it was com-
mon for one person to be responsible for making a product, such as a horse-drawn wagon
or a piece of furniture, from start to finish. Only simple tools were available; the machines
that we use today had not been invented.
Then, a number of innovations changed the face of production forever by substituting
machine power for human power. Perhaps the most significant of these was the steam en-
gine, made practical by James Watt around 1764, because it provided a source of power
to operate machines in factories. James Hargreaves' spinning jenny (1770) and Edmund
Cartwright's power loom (1785) revolutionized the textile industry. Ample supplies of
coal and iron ore provided materials for generating power and making machinery. The
new machines, made of iron, were much stronger and more durable than the simple
wooden machines they replaced.
In the earliest days of manufacturing, goods were produced using craft production:
highly skilled workers using simple, flexible tools produced goods according to customer
specifications..
Craft production had major shortcomings. Because products were made by skilled
craftsmen who custom fitted parts, production was slow and costly. And when parts
failed, the replacements also had to be custom made, which was also slow and costly. An-
other shortcoming was that production costs did not decrease as volume increased; there
were no economies of scale, which would have provided a major incentive for companies
to expand. Instead, many small companies emerged, each with its own set of standards.
A major change occurred that gave the industrial revolution a boost: the development
of standard gauging systems. This greatly reduced the need for custom-made goods. Fac-
tories began to spring up and grow rapidly, providing jobs for countless people who were
attracted in large numbers from rural areas.
Despite the major changes that were taking place, management theory and practice had
not progressed much from early days. What was needed was an enlightened and more
systematic approach to management.
craft production System in
which highly skilled workers
use simple, flexible tools to
produce small quantities of
customized goods.
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